| 摘要: | 近年來，生態與永續環境受到格外重視，生態池在此教育理念下迅速出現校園之中，爲了解國民小學校園生態池型式與趨勢，必須對現況校園生態池的基礎資料進行基本勘查，探究規劃與管理兩者間相互矛盾點，及釐清不同狀況下設置生態池應考量條件與原則。 本研究運用文獻分析法、資料調查法、儀器測繪法、觀察記錄法及深入訪談法等多項調查方式與評估方法，選擇生態池設計型式不同、區位不同、教學使用兩年以上且安排人員整理之學校，因此選擇洛津、西勢、芳苑、陝西四間國小學校，分別針對學校生態池「教學使用」與「維護管理」等規劃議題進行深入調查與評估，藉由實地調查資料之綜合分析，釐清生態池使用上與管理上之需求。依據評估分析成果，提出國小校園生態池之規劃建議，以供未來學校興建規劃及現有學校維護管理參考之用。本研究重要結論如下： 1.生態池型式上依主體樣式分為池塘式、溪流式池、綜合式；管理方式依照規劃主體性與日後水生植物管理方式分為景觀型、教材資料庫型、仿生態型、生態學習型四種。 2.區位選擇除生態性、教學性應再添加人為因素與管理方式，避免生態池遭到破壞和管理上之矛盾。 3.校園生態池大多使用地下水源，應設置輔助用水降低水源維護管理費；水質維護上使用水生植物搭配曝氣設施，降低設備使用率減少電費支出。 4.採用綜合式生態池有利於學校教學使用與維護管理 5.解說牌應採用固定式及材質選擇需注意其特性與安全問題；解說內容應採用不易退色材質，並且注意教學者與學習者的使用形態 6.透過訪談與調查生態池在教學上不易觀察到沉水性植物與水生動物，應增設陳列箱輔助學生觀察沉水植物與水生動物。
The concepts of ecology and sustainable environment have been emphasized in recent few years. The ecological pond appeared on elementary schools’ campus immediately under this concept of education. For understanding the style and trend of the facilities for ecological pond on elementary schools’ campus, basic investigation should be conducted on the basic data of current situation of aforesaid pond. The conflict of planning and management should be studied. Considering the conditions and principle is necessary for setting up the ecological pond under different conditions.This research employs diverse investigation methods and evaluation methods, such as literature analysis, data survey, instrumental, observation and record, detailed interviews. This research is conducted on four public primary schools, namely Lou Jin, Hsi She, Fang Yuan, San Hsi, which are characterized by different style and region of ecological pond, for teaching usage for more than two years, as well as setting persons to arrange them. Detailed investigation and assessment are conducted on the teaching usage and maintenance management of schools’ ecological ponds. It is hoped that, through integrated analysis of the findings of the practical survey, needs for usage and management of ecological pond will be discovered and clarified. This research is also intended to put forth proposals about the planning of ecological ponds on elementary schools’ campus, on the basis of the findings of the aforesaid assessment and analysis, to be the reference for subsequent planning of a school to be built, implementation of the construction plan as well as the school’s maintenance management. Important conclusions of this research are as follows: 1.The style of ecological pond includes three kinds: pond style, stream style and multiple style. In management, that may be classified as landscape pattern, teaching material pattern, eco-facsimile pattern and eco-learning pattern. 2.In site selected, in addition to the character of ecology and teaching, the man-made factor and the method of management should be considered. That will protect the ecological pond from being destroyed as well as avoid the conflict of management. 3.Since most of underground source water has been used for ecological pond in campus, so auxiliary water should be setted up in order to reduce the maintenance management charge. Aquatic plant and facilities should be used on water quality maintenance in order to reduce the using rate of equipment and save the electric power charge. 4.Taking a multiple ecological pond is favorable for teaching and maintenance management. 5.Illustration brand should be taken a fixed one. To select the brand material should attend it’s character and safety. And the usage pattern of teacher and student should be attended. 6.The deep water plant and aquatic animal are uneasy observed in teaching through interviews and investigation. Gallery box should be setted up to help student observe them. |
