| 摘要: | 在經濟起飛下的台灣，伴隨著都市化與城鄉移民的出現，迫使傳統聚落面臨現代性的後果，尤其在全球化的循環之下傳統聚落成為被邊緣化的一環，因此，許多專家學者開始為搶救即將消失的歷史文化而投入聚落研究，然學術研究仍集中在廣為人知的大型聚落，造成其他不知名的小聚落被忽略與漠視，在此前提下，本研究希望透過論文的撰寫過程為地方留下些許的資料與紀錄，以供後續相關研究之參考。 本論文是一篇探討聚落發展過程的地方研究，以嘉義縣溪口鄉溪口聚落作為主要研究場域，研究方法上採取地方的歷史文獻、老照片蒐集、地方耆老與居民的深度訪談和生活記憶等來進行場所的解讀與書寫，研究理論上從人文主義的地理觀點出發，透過現象學、地方性知識、社會空間與空間生產論述，協助研究者看待地方的觀感並建構出一套解讀空間的方式。 本研究先從歷史的向度切入，來看溪口聚落獨特的空間歷程，透過文獻記載與歷史事件來瞭解溪口各時期的變化，接著以市街、宗族兩部分作為探討聚落起源的依據，來說明溪口如何從農業發展出商業，宗族的人口分佈也構成了聚落後半部的生活圈。而宗教信仰因儀式的過程產生神聖空間與宗教活動下形成的社會網絡，則對聚落早期的發展有著無形的影響。交通與產業則點出聚落在現代化過程中的擴展與衰退，及養殖業背後的歷程。最後，本研究之結論如下： 1.地方的變遷動力雖然改變了土地、市街和產業，然而，聚落百年來的發展之下仍留存了建築、儀式與客家傳統的堅忍精神，持續在這片土地生活下去。 2.溪口位居梅山、大林往返新港、北港之山海貨運必經之路，又扼三疊溪之渡口，另後港的航運也提供了水路運輸的功能，造就了溪口聚落成為貨物往來交易路線的中繼站。 3.在移民開墾時期受宗族遷移與神明信仰之影響，在都市計劃時期則因計畫道路的開通造成老街的經濟衰敗、商圈轉移，雖帶來交通便利卻留不住消費。 4.透過對聚落做深度的紀錄與描述，幫助地方掌握空間的深層意義，並以此作為地方的認同與歸屬，在未來的發展與想像上能尋求一種在地性的文化視角。
With the fast growing economy in Taiwan follows urbanization and the appearance of the immigrants from the city and countryside forces traditional settlement face modern consequences. Especially after the cycle of globalization, traditional settlement become a part of marginalization. Therefore, many scholars and researchers start devoting themselves into saving the disappearing history and culture of settlement research. Yet this study sill mainly focuses on well-known large settlement, causing other unknown small settlement being ignored. Under this premise, through this essay there will be some information and records about the topic as references for further related researches. This essay talks about the process of settlement development, mainly based on Sikou Township in Sikou settlement. The research methods are to collect historical documents, old pictures, conversations with the elders and residents, life memory and study them. From the geographic perspective of humanism, through phenomenology, local knowledge, social space and spatial production discuss, the research theory is to help researchers to view the local place and construct a manner to study the space. This research is firstly about viewing the spatial process of the unique Sikou settlement from its history, then through documents and historical events to understand the change in each period in Sikou. Taking the city streets and patriarchal clans as the accounts of studying the origin of settlement, it explains how commerce developed from agriculture in Sikou, and how population distribution of patriarchal clans formed the life circle. Religion has an invisible influence on the early settlement development because during the process, a social network was produced under the sacred space and religious activities. Transportation and industry point out the expansion, decline during modernization and the progress of cultivation. At last, the conclusions of this research as follows: 1. Though the local transition changes the land, city streets and industry, yet the architectures, ceremonies, and the spirit of Hakka perseverance continue to live on this land under the township for hundreds of years. 2. Sikou located the necessary route of mountain and seaside freight transport of Mei Shan, Da Lin journey to and fro to Xin Gang and Bei Gang, it is also the ferry of San Die Creek. The shipping of Hou Gang also provides the function of water, land transportation which makes Sikou become the stop of cargo trading route. 3. It is affected by patriarchal clans' immigration and religion during colony and cultivation. During the time of city plan, the old streets declined, and the commercial circles shift due to the opening of the planned routes. Thought it brings convenience traffic, yet the consumption can’t be saved. 4. It is to help the local know the deeper meaning of space well through the deep record and description of township. Also, it is to use it as an identification and adscription to the local, and to look for a local cultural perspective on future development and imagination. |
