| 摘要: | 根據國外研究，自殺遺族的悲痛是複雜的，而且是獨特的，且可能是長期累積，如果沒有完整走完哀悼歷程，最後的出口也是以自殺做了結，因此必須給予更多的關切。目前台灣自殺率逐年高升，國內研究者也愈來愈多人開始重視自殺遺族這族群，但是在台灣社會普遍認為自殺是一個負面因子的影響下，對於自殺遺族的悲傷反應及哀悼歷程也產生相當程度的影響。 本研究採用敘事訪談收集資料，以持續性比較分析法分析其文本，透過4個自殺遺族主觀敘說當面對親人自殺死亡後，對生命經驗所受之衝擊；以及在這個社會脈絡互動中，可能採行的應對模式，試圖建構應對模式與哀悼歷程的關係。根據本研究的結果有幾點發現，統整如下： 一、自殺遺族面對親人死亡所承受的壓力和傷痛，以及對其生活經驗的衝擊：包括內在與外在的衝擊與影響。內在衝擊會受時間因素而轉化，生活策略態度隨之改變。外在衝擊受家庭結構、經濟狀況、輿論壓力、人際互動、他人眼光，因而產生不同的對應策略。 二、自殺遺族在人際互動中所持的看法與面對模式：可分為與家人及親戚的關係、與朋友及鄰居的關係、與自己的關係。家人、親戚不會提及自殺事件，朋友、鄰居會看彼此的關係，但基本上不會主動透露，所以彼此間的互動不會產生不一樣的感受。而與自己的關係大都存在著矛盾的心理感受，在兩端的想法下，就會交織成不同的面對態度。 三、自殺遺族對自殺事件看法，在哀悼歷程中可能面對的污名感受及應對模式：內化污名感較強者，產生的應對模式以隱瞞為主要策略。污名感受較弱者，會合理化污名感，應對模式以部分揭露，也就是選擇性告知為主要策略。 四、影響自殺遺族在喪親後的應對模式與生活策略：主要受文化刻板信念、哀悼歷程、支持系統、社會環境等因素所影響。 五、自殺遺族對於本土支持團體的看法：大部分對於發展本土性支持團體給予肯定。而不認同者與內化污名有關。 透過本研究希望社會大眾可以改變我們原有的刻板印象，對於自殺遺族給予合理的對待，若這個社會多一些關懷，能夠有更開放的態度，或許可以讓自殺遺族承受較低的社會壓力，在悲痛的復元過程中得到更多的支持。
According to studies of survivors of suicide, survivors of suicide normally experience the complicated and painful grief. Their special sadness could exist over a long period of time, and then accumulate in deep. Survivors of suicide would also commit suicide, if they haven’t passed through the mourning process. It has therefore to concern, what kind of mourning process could survivors of suicide experience in Taiwan, and which coping strategies have been picked up, when they usually have to situate themselves in the social stigmatization. This study is conducted by qualitative methods of narrative interview and constant comparative method. Four texts of interview are analyzed, and then five conclusions can be drawn: Firstly, survivors of suicide have to face pressures and distresses of families and their relative’s suicide, which means the impacts on their lives, comes from not only inside, but also outside of the social environment. The former are related to time factor and living strategies, while the latter is subjected to family structures, economic conditions, public opinion pressures, social interactions, eyes from others. Secondly, the patterns of silent culture exist between survivors of suicide and their social environment differentiate mainly two: one is totally a taboo to talk about suicide event, while the other one depends on the kind of relationship between survivors of suicide and their friends or neighbors. Definitely, survivors of suicide don’t incline to disclose suicide of their loved. Thirdly, there are two types in the relations of social stigmatization of survivors of suicide and their coping strategies: survivors of suicide mainly choice to keep suicide event in secret, when they strongly feel stigmatized by others. Whereas regarding to feel weaker stigmatized, they mainly choice to rationalize the social stigmatization, and also partly disclose the event to their closely social network. Fourthly, the life experiences of survivors of suicide and their coping strategies are mainly influenced by stereotypes from cultural conviction, types of mourning process, support systems and social environment. Fifthly, basically confirm survivors of suicide functions of support groups. On the other side, they also question whether the support group can help, because they have already internally identified themselves to the social stigma. Finally, this study would like to substitute social supports for the stigma of survivors of suicide, in order to prevent more events of suicide. |
