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| 題名: | 生死教育融入孫子兵法教學對學生生命態度影響之探討－以某技術學院四技學生為例 |
| 其他題名: | A Study on the Effects of the teaching of ＂the-Art-of-War-by-Sunzi incorporating Life-and-Death-Education＂ for the Life Attitude of Student--As students at an Institute of Technology |
| 作者: | 劉昆陣
Liu, Kuen-jenn |
| 貢獻者: | 生死學研究所
紀潔芳
Chieh-fang Chi |
| 關鍵詞: | 生命態度;孫子兵法;國防通識
the Art of War by Sunzi;civil defense;attitude toward life and death |
| 日期: | 2007 |
| 上傳時間: | 2015-08-05 16:29:27 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 本研究的目的在規劃並實施適合技職校院學生生死教育融入《孫子兵法》課程，探討《孫子兵法》與生死教育科際整合之可行性，及實驗教學對學生生命態度的立即性及持續性影響。以中部某技術學院研究者任教之四技二年級學生機械工程系30人為實驗組，電子工程系30人為對照組，實施13單元融入課程，每週1單元2節課，共13週。 本研究採量化之準實驗研究法為主，輔以質性資料分析研究，所獲得資料有基本資料問卷及生命態度量表之各次測驗分數，以及課前半結構開放式問卷、單元學習單、課程總回饋單等。量化研究部分，使用的評量工具為謝曼盈（2003）編製之生命態度量表，以統計軟體SPSS for Window10.0版進行統計分析，以P< .05 的顯著水準進行研究假設之考驗，對兩組學生背景變項進行單因子變異數分析以確立本研究方法及步驟，以獨立樣本ｔ考驗檢驗兩組學生實驗前是否具同質性及實驗後成效之比較，以相依樣本ｔ考驗檢驗實驗組實施成效。質性分析方面，以文件分析法進一步分析問卷、學習單與總回饋單並進行交叉檢視，以補充說明及佐證研究結果。透過量化研究統計分析輔以質性研究文件分析資料交叉檢視，探討選修課程學生參與教學實驗，導致生命態度之轉變。 本研究以生命態度量表考驗結果與課前問卷、單元學習單及課程總回饋單，歸納分析實驗組學生學習成效與研究結果如下：一、生死教育課程以融入方式實施，可產生持續性效果。二、生死教育融入課程教學之立即性影響效果不顯著，持續性影響效果顯著。三、生死教育融入《孫子兵法》課程教學之「單元學習單」對實驗組學生確具成效。四、生死教育融入《孫子兵法》課程教學對提升學生正向的「死亡態度」最具成效。五、影響最大的單元為〈謀攻篇〉，第二為〈始計篇〉，第三為〈地形篇〉。六、生死教育融入《孫子兵法》課程教學能達到預定之教學目標。研究者針對研究結果及生死教育教學過程的體認，提出以下檢討與建議作為推動生死教育工作者及未來研究之參考： 一、建議：（一）軍警、大學校院生死教育專業科目設立及執行情形宜納入教育部例行性評鑑。（二）軍警校院及戰略研究所宜主動舉辦「《孫子兵法》生死教育」學術研討。（三）國防部莒光日電視教學宜加入「《孫子兵法》生死教育」專欄節目。（四）建立《孫子兵法》生死教育網站，吸取軍警袍澤寶貴意見，普及社會大眾。（五）對後續研究之建議：1.量化研究與文件分析交叉檢視可提高研究信度。2.《孫子兵法》生死觀應有專章專論研究。 二、檢討：（一）課程設計與實施方面：1.生死教育融入課程可提昇原課程教學效果。2.實驗組學生持正面及肯定之態度。3.教師於課程設計與實施歷程中，可增進專業能力並獲得自我成長。4.學生最喜歡的教學方式是「影片欣賞」，其次「講述法」，第三為「歌曲欣賞」。5.準實驗教學研究適合以量化分析輔以質性深入探討，多元評量方式以求客觀。（二）研究者教學方面：1.生死教育課程實施，應配合時事機會教育。2.在實施各單元教學時，「單元學習單」作業及檢討時間可再調整加長。3.生死教育教學方法宜多元化，以加大深度及廣度。（三）評量工具選擇不違反原量表精神並兼具信度與效度。（四）媒體及社會現象嚴重影響本實驗教學成效。 本研究嘗試將生死教育與《孫子兵法》統整連結，以融入式教學為國內面臨轉型的全民國防與生死教育另闢蹊徑，並寄望激發有志者繼續深研窮究，使「《孫子兵法》生死教育議題」蔚為研究風潮，對提昇全民國防意志，圓融具足圓滿人生，將更有助益。
The research intends to explore the possibility in combining the course of the Art of War by Sunzi with that of life and death, to observe the change of student attitude toward life and death, and to investigate the immediate and constant effects on the vocational college students who take the experimental course designed by the writer. Both classes of students who attend the course come from the same vocational college in central Taiwan. The experiment team consists of sophomores from the department of mechanical engineering; the contrast team consists of sophomores from the department of electrical engineering. For the 13 weeks, 2 hours per week, they have attended the course and contributed valuably to the research.The research applies mainly quantified experiment analysis method and partly qualified data analysis one to analyze the acquired questionnaires from the students, test grades on students’ attitude toward life and death, pre-class questionnaires, and unit study and feedback papers. The experiment is proceeded under the premise that p < .05 and is done with Ms. Man-ying Shie’s scale of attitude on life and death and the tool of SPSS for Window version 10.0. To insure the validity of the research methods and procedures, the student backgrounds from both the experiment and contrast teams are closely examined through an independent sample t with one factor variance and a dependent sample t only to the experiment team. Added with documental analysis to the process of qualified data analysis, the writer is enabled to further analyze the acquired questionnaires, unit study and feedback papers, and to present supplements and verification to the research. From the experiment, the research accomplishes the following conclusions: First, the introduction of the course of life and death to that of the Art of War by Sunzi proves to have constant effects, but fail to generate immediate effects on the students who take the course. Second, the unit study papers functions more effectively to the experiment team of students. Third, it shows the greatest effect on directing students to construct positive attitude toward death, especially the units of “Conspiracy,” “Tricks” and “Terrains.” Forth, the planned teaching objectives for the experimental course have been successfully accomplished. Through teaching the experimental course and doing the research, the writer has induced the following suggestions. First, the Ministry of Education should regard the establishment and execution of the course of life and death as part of its regular evaluation on the teaching accomplishment of all the colleges in Taiwan, including the military, police and general ones. Second, the military and police colleges and tactics research graduate schools should hold symposiums on the Art of War by Sunzi and the education on life and death. Third, the military TV program on Chui-Kung Day produced by the Ministry of Defense should add in a column of the Art of War by Sunzi and the education on life and death. Fourth, a website of the Art of War by Sunzi and the education on life and death should be constructed to widely absorb the precious opinions of the service men as well as the public. In addition, the writer has also discovered some interesting findings to share with related course designers and teachers. The introduction of education on life and death to the course of the Art of War by Sunzi is recommended to promote the teaching effect. The experiment team keeps more positive attitude toward death than the contrast team. The teacher himself also benefits from teaching such an experimental course in improving his own professional proficiency and self achievement. The students’ favorite teaching method is short-film appreciation, lectures the second and song appreciation the third. Furthermore, chance education is strongly recommended to be added in teaching the course. When planning the course, the teacher can spend more time in unit study and discussion. To widen and broaden the teaching effect on the course of education on life and death, varied teaching methods are required. The selection of the tool for the course evaluation should not violate the credibility and validity and spirit of the original scale designed by Ms. Man-ying Shie. Finally, the media and phenomena in the society critically influence the teaching effects of the experimental course. To sum up, by combining the education on life and death with the Art of War by Sunzi, this research provides another approach for the teaching of civil defense and the education on life and death. Hopefully, it can inspire those who are interested to further study the issue on the combination of the Art of War by Sunzi and the education on life and death and to promote people’s awareness of civil defense. |
| 顯示於類別: | [生死學系(生死學系碩士班,哲學與生命教育碩士班)] 博碩士論文-生死學系碩士班
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