在知識經濟時代的二十一世紀，擁有知識能力即擁有競爭力，競爭力的蓄養來自於教育，世界各國皆卯足全力重視教育的興革，致力於開發優質的人力資源，台灣亦不遺餘力於全民教育的提昇，希望藉著教育改善普遍存在著的貧窮現象，也希望藉著教育使處於社會資本及文化資本較不利的學生有向上向前發展的機會，以全面化創造優質國民。 本研究為求了解在台南縣經濟弱勢的學生，其學習成就是否同樣弱勢？哪些學科表現比較弱勢？我國非營利組織在台南縣提供的資源如何及未來具體工作方向。本研究以台南縣30所國小（一般地區18所，一般地區小型學校5所和偏遠地區7所共12所）95學年度第一學期第一、二次段考成績為研究樣本，研究發現，在一般地區，所有接受營養午餐補助的學生其功課表現皆較未接受營養午餐補助的學生落後，以英語科落後最多，其次是數學科。在偏遠地區，少數接受補助的學生其功課表現較未接受補助者高，但大部份呈落後狀態，分別為數學科、國語科、英語科較為明顯。 非營利組織在台南縣提供的資源以獎助學金為主，由研究發現，台南縣的弱勢學生接受課業輔導的需求日殷，建議非營利組織除了提供助學金外，亦能結合其志工人力資源提供課業輔導的服務，以嘉惠更多弱勢學生。 The 21st Century is an era of knowledge- based economy, i.e., knowledge capability means power of competitiveness.The power of competitiveness comes from education. Every country devotes to education in order to train people with higher quality.The advance of education to improve the phenomena of poverty, Taiwan also hopes to assist those socially and culturally disadvantaged students with higher education to result in better-quality citizens. The purpose of this study is to understand if the economically disadvantaged students are disadvantaged in performance of learning as well. It may also be able to point out which courses are significantly affected. The results may be used to evaluate the efficiency of resources offered by the non-profit organizations (NPO) of Tainan County in Taiwan, and provide solid directions for the NPOs to work in the future.The samples of the research are the first and second quizzes of the first semester in 2006 from 30 primary schools in Tainan County.The results show that, in the metropolitan areas, the scores of those students who accepted free lunch from the government and NPOs due to poverty are behind those students without free lunch. The worst course is English followed by mathematics.In the remote areas, although some students who accepted free lunch have higher scores than those without free lunch, most of the students who accepted free lunch are behind those students without free lunch. The worst course is mathematics followed by Chinese and then English. The resources from the NPOs are basically in the form of scholarships. However, those socially and culturally disadvantaged students need extra learning assistances after school. The research suggests that services of the NPOs be on scholarships and learning assistances after school.
