自 1860年代義大利統一復興運動促進了義大利南北統一，新生的義大利所面臨不是外在壓力，而內部其差異性所造成的問題；在多重因素之下，南部義大利逐漸成為內部的一個問題，稱為「南方問題」。 本文將從統一復興時期前後，從不同的面向探討南部義大利與北部義大利之間的差異，所造成的國家認同問題；並且研究當時政府對南部義大利的態度與其政策，所造成的政治問題與南部義大利在政治上的從屬性；另外從南北兩方產業發展探討兩方之經濟落差與經濟發展之困難；最後總結各種面向說明南方問題的產生與北方對南方義大利的觀感。 Since 1860s, Risorgimento proceed the Italian unification. The newborn Italy didn’t face the outer pressure instead of the problems of internal differences. Accompanying with complex problems and obstacles Southern Italy, which is named as “Mezzogiorno”, had been regarded as an awkwardness or “Southern Question” in Italy This article would indicate different aspects to analyze the differences between Northern and Southern Italy which composed the problem of National identity. Secondly from the attitude of authority toward to Southern Italy, the article would points out the political subalternity of Southern Italy. And from the industrial developments, the article would analyze the obstacle of economic development in Southern Italy. Finally including all the obstacles and problems, the article would explain the people’s attitude toward Southern Italy.
