| 摘要: | 宗教研究發現，歐美社會的宗教信仰和宗教行為可以增進個人心理健康和主觀幸福感。然而東方宗教在涉入生活程度、宗教聚會模式、個人宗教儀式等與西方宗教有很大差異，所以台灣的宗教行為是否可以提昇國人的幸福感是個值得研究的議題。本文利用 2009 年台灣社會變遷基本調查之宗教組（第五期第五次之問卷二）資料，我們建立一個宗教行為與幸福感二變量關係的模型。 實證結果顯示，教育程度低、年齡低、所得低、總捐款高、女性、有宗教信仰、身體不好、喪偶、十一、二歲時去宗教場所的頻率為「一月數次」或「每星期數次」、小時母親有去宗教場所者，目前去宗教場所的頻率越高。而年齡長、女性、健康狀況還不錯或很好、婚姻狀況為離婚或分居，幸福感較高。然而就宗教類型而言，不管是否信仰宗教或信仰何種宗教，皆不會影響受訪者的幸福感。 根據本文研究的結論，「高學歷」、「年紀大」、「高所得」的三個族群對於去宗教場所的意願較低，政府相關單位在規劃宗教活動時應多元發展，增加文創、融合教育，來吸引高學歷民眾；規劃便利的交通運輸、充足的停車場、流暢的參訪動線，便利長青族及縮短高收入群眾耗時。「年紀輕」、「男性」、「身體狀況差」及「離婚、分居、拒答」的四個族群其幸福感較低，政府應著重青年、男性、殘病、失婚者的各項輔導教育團體，教導其適當的情緒調適及正向心理素質。 本研究發現台灣成年人的宗教行為頻率與幸福感是沒有因果效應的。也許可參考西方宗教團體的團契模式，增強宗教組織的社會支持功能，並增強精神慰藉，給予信徒情緒的出口或生活的希望。
Religious studies found that religious beliefs and behaviors in European and American society can enhance people's mental health and subjective well-being. Eastern religions are very different from Western religions in the involvement of living, the mode of religious congregation, personal religious ceremony etc. Therefore, whether the religious behaviors in Taiwan can raise people's well-being is an issue worth studying. By using the data of 2009 Taiwan Social Change Survey of Religion Group (Phase5, Wave5), we establish a two-equation ordered probit model of religious behaviors and subjective well-being. The empirical results show that people who are lower educated, younger, lower income, higher total donation, female, with religion, in poor health condition, widowed, go to religious sites ＂several times a month＂ or ＂several times a week＂ in their teenage, and whose mother attended religious sites when they were children have higher frequency to go to religious sites. People who are older, female, in good or great health condition, divorced or separated have higher well-being. As for the religious types, no matter what religion people believe in, it doesn't affect their well-being. The results of this study indicate that higher educated, aged, and higher income are the three groups that have lower desire to go to the religious sites. The government should plan diverse religious activities, increase cultural and creative activities, and combine education to attract higher educated people. Besides, the government should also plan convenient transportation, enough parking lots, and smooth visiting routes to facilitate the elderly and shorten the time spent on higher income people. People who are younger, male, in poor health condition, and divorced, separated, refused to answer are the four groups that have much lower well-being. The government should focus on the counseling groups of youth, male, disabled and ill, and the divorced people to educate them how to adjust their emotions and own positive mental qualities. This study found that the frequency of religious behaviors and well-being are without causal relationship for adults in Taiwan. Perhaps we can refer to the fellowship pattern of western religious groups to strengthen the social supporting function of religious organizations and enhance spiritual comfort for believers to find an outlet for their emotions or hopes for lives. |
