| 摘要: | 研究者在實務上對申請退休公務人員的瞭解，在退休前有進行全面性退休生涯規劃的人並不多，退休前的調適與準備也不夠完善，因此如何引發資深公務人員對退休生涯規劃問題的重視，協助在退休前妥適調整身心狀態並訂定合適的退休生涯規劃，是本研究動機之一。另外，若能對資深公務人員退休後從事志願服務、再就業或創業意願進行探究，瞭解影響公務人員退休後從事經濟性與非經濟性生產的原因，藉由改善這些因素，提高其參與工作的意願，繼續為國家社會貢獻心力，是本研究動機之二。 本研究以質性研究方法，針對資深公務人員退休生涯規劃與參與事業發展進行相關的探討，所得結論如下:壹、資深公務人員退休的觀點 資深公務人員對於退休的認知是多面向，雖與退休理論相契合，但卻不知理論要旨所在。另外，造成資深公務人員退休的原因是多重因素的組合，包括個人、家庭、職場環境、生涯規劃、退休制度改革因素。再者，資深公務人員退休目標亦呈現多面向的情況，有想過悠閒生活、發展興趣與自我充實、從事社會服務、實踐人生理想與目標。貳、資深公務人員退休生涯規劃的情形 從研究結果顯示，資深公務人員在退休前半年（甚至更早）會訂定短期（五年內。創業者會訂定長期）退休生涯規劃。而退休生涯規劃的內容則以健康、財務、休閒娛樂、學習進修、建立人際網絡、從事志願服務、再就業、創業規劃為主。另外，影響退休生涯規劃的原因，則有個人、家庭、外在因素。參、資深公務人員退休後事業發展 資深公務人員從事志願服務動機，以利他動機為主，社會參與及利己動機為其次。研究發現，資深公務人員不排斥從事各種類型的志願服務，但會以自已專長或興趣選擇志願服務的類型。而影響參與志願服務的原因，則有健康狀況、家人及親友、專長與興趣、退休制度因素。 在再就業方面，再就業的動機非基於經濟因素，而是想要證明自己的「存在價值」與「自我挑戰」，從研究結果可以瞭解，公務人員退休後再就業希望從事彈性工時與輔助性的工作，亦希望能持續工作下去，因此未規劃工作的年數。另外，影響再就業之個人特質的原因，則有年齡、健康、家庭、退休、個人工作史因素。 在創業方面，創業動機是基於推與拉構面理論的正面因素激發，為了實踐人生目標與理想，而產生創業行為。而創業模式則以獨立資金與微型企業為主。另外，影響個人創業之因素，則有人格特質、個人因素（包含性別、創業年齡、教育程度、專業經驗、家庭背景）、環境因素（包括外部環境的市場、總體環境、災害風險三種，內部環境的經營、財務管理、合作夥伴風險三類）。
Previous research has indicated that there is few government officer knows the entire retirement career plan before retirement. Their preparation and accommodation is not really well-prepared before retirement. Therefore, the main purpose of this study emphasis on the planning retirement further wants to invoke senior government officers think about this issue. First of all, this study aims to help them planning for appropriate career retirement plan further to assist and accommodate physical and mental condition of government officers. Secondly, it proposes to enhance the willing of work through improving these factors. Moreover, it makes senior government officers contribute country and society continually. This paper aims to focus on senior government officer’s retirement career plan through qualitative research method. Moreover, it also participates in their career development. The research result was as follows:The Perspective of Senior Government Officer Retirement The recognition of senior government officer is multi-dimension. Although it is related to retirement theory, it does not comply with the main core of it. Moreover, the causes are the mixed factors which include individual, family, working surroundings, career plan and the regulation of retirement. Besides, the retirement goal also shows the varieties of situations. Some is living the leisure life, another is developing habits and self-fulfillment, and the other is doing the social volunteer and achieving the life dream and goal.The Career Plan after the Retirement of Government Officer The investigation shows that senior government officer will do the short-term retirement plan (in five years) before the half year of the retirement .Besides, government officer who begin an undertaking will do the long-term plan. However, the content of retirement career plan is mainly dominated in health, financial condition, entertainment, further studying, building the relationship system, doing the volunteer service, reemployment and undertaking plan. Furthermore, the study also shows that personal, family and external factors will influence the career retirement plan.Senior Government Officer’s Development of Job after the Retirement The purpose of senior government officers who dedicate to the volunteer service is firstly dominated on altruism. Social participation and self-benefited is on the second. This study shows that senior government officers were not ruling out doing several kinds of volunteer service. However, they will choose the types of job due to the professional skills and personal interests. Furthermore, the factors which influence the volunteer services are health condition, family, friends, professional skills, habit and other retirement factors, etc. In the perspective of reemployment, the purpose is not based on financial factor, rather than proves the value of self-esteem and self-challenge. From the result of research, we must know the government officer hope doing the flexible working hour and subordinating job to continue their work career after the retirement; therefore, they tend to not arrange the period of work tentatively. What is more, there are several factors that will influence the personalities of reemployment, such as age, health, family, retirement and personal working history. In the perspective of undertaking, the purposes of undertaking are based on dimensions of push and pull theory; moreover, it is also invoked by its advantages. In order to achieve the life goal and dream, government officers further begin undertakings. Still, each of undertakings is mainly dominated in individual undertaking and micro enterprises. On the other hand, there are several factors which influence it, including personalities and individual factors (gender, age, educational background, professional background and family background.) Besides, there are several environmental factors which involved. It includes three factors: (1) External environment, (2) Market (3) Whole environmental hazard risk. Moreover, it can be also divided into three parts: (1) Internal environmental management (2) Financial management (3) The risk of cooperative partner. |
