《歐瑞斯特斯的故事》(Oresteia)是艾斯曲婁斯(Aeschylus) 現存的唯一一部三部曲，《阿加曼農》(Agamemnon)、《祭酒者》(Choephori) 及《和善女神》(The Eumenides)。讀者一般皆認為，這是一部主張正義是以牙還牙，以眼還眼的悲劇，然而這只是這三部曲給人的表面印象。這篇論文的前三部分將分別爬梳及處理這三部曲中關於正義的論述：阿加曼農的死是否合乎正義？歐瑞斯特斯的弒母是否不正義？第三部曲裡的和解，是否表示艾斯曲婁斯的正義觀有所改變？第四部分處理的議題是：《歐瑞斯特斯的故事》中的正義觀是，艾斯曲婁斯對雅典政治現狀所提出的一種反省及回應。希望藉由對此部文學作品的討論，能闡明艾斯曲婁斯政治哲學思想中的正義觀。 Aeschylus’ Oresteia, Agamemnon, Choephori, and the Eumenides, is the only trilogy left in his works. Readers of the trilogy in general think that the main theme of it is to show the fact that the notion of justice is nothing but the idea, an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. However it is merely a superficial impression of this trilogy. This paper consists of four parts, from part one to part three the notion of justice mentioned in the trilogy will bedealt with: Is the death of Agamemnon just? Is not Orestes’s killing his mother just? And whether the talk of reconciliation in the Eumenides is to show the fact that Aeschylus changes his mind on the notion of justice? Finally in the fourth part of this paper I would like to suggest that for a better understanding of Aeschylus’ notion of justice, we have to read the trilogy as the author’s own reflection of and reaction to the democratic practices in Athens.
