陸象山心性論的品格教育實踐之研究

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Title:	陸象山心性論的品格教育實踐之研究
Authors:	吳兆倫 Wu, Chao-Lun
Contributors:	文學系陳章錫 Chang-Hsi Chen
Keywords:	心學;心性論;陸象山;陸九淵;品格教育 theory of mind;Lu Xiangshan;Lu Jiuyuan;heart;character education
Date:	2015
Issue Date:	2016-10-21 16:04:33 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本文研究係對現代教育深切感到憂慮，不是針對讀書求知識學問的問題，而是對品格教育被忽略充滿危機與不安，這是人心與人性所面臨的考驗；適逢研讀宋明理學之因緣，發現象山先生所提「心即理」「本心」的概念，使後學希望以陸象山「心性論」與其教育思想為研究範疇，作為此次研究的命題。　　首先先探討象山的家世、生平與背景，（以下本文稱陸象山或陸九淵均同），陸象山出生于家道衰落的博學世家。家境清貧，但家規謹嚴，兄友弟恭，孝悌傳家，曾得理宗褒敕。再就政治社會與當時思想學風派別等種種因素之影響，探討象山所具備的人格特質與他樸實堅韌的為學態度與精神。　　其次對象山心學本心的內涵與意義及「心即是理」、「心性論」的探討；並論述朱陸異同與影響，藉以更深入透析心學的特質。陸象山講「發明本心」，故「本心」的觀念，實為象山哲學思想的核心；由復其本心，先立其大及義利之辨三大主軸為研究路向。　　接著由心體推衍的宇宙觀與性善道德形而上學的觀點。去探究象山「心性論」在品格教育實踐的體現；分別以明其本心作為教育的目標、啟悟內心的自覺與反省，實施成人之學與自主學習、注重學習態度與個別需求輔導，精進教育實踐力行，實理，實事，重視人品與仁義之道；真正達到象山講學教育的目標與成效得到驗證。　　最後就象山心學思想對現代教育的啟發部分，以實行道德教育、建立孝悌和諧家庭、重塑師道倫理、知恥自律反省為良方，更期許復興心學重建品格教育為目標，才是本次研究象山「心性論」所獲得一個對道德心根本的理解；對品格教育價值更深層的體認，希望對道德教育的實質運用與發展做出微薄貢獻。　　Paper Research Department on modern education deep was worries, not for reading knowledge General learned of problem, but on character education was ignored full crisis and disturbed, this is heart and humanity by faced of test; coincided with read neo-science of causes, found Xiangshan Mr by mention ＂heart that acting＂＂this heart＂ of concept, makes I hope to Lu Xiangshan ＂mind on the＂ with education thought for research category, as the research of proposition.　　Elephant family, life and background are discussed first, (the paper said Lu Xiangshan, or LU Jiuyuan's theory are the same), Lu Xiangshan was born in the decline of the family learned family. His family was poor, but the strict House rules, xiongyoudigong, filial and family heirlooms, had praised Royal Decree. Political and ideological factions and other factors influence the style of study, explore the mountain's personality and his guileless tough attitude and spirit.　　Second study of the connotation and significance of Xiangshan and ＂heart is reason＂ and ＂theory of mind＂ study and discusses the similarities and differences of Zhu Lu and influence, whereby the more in-depth analysis qualities of the mind. Lu Xiangshan speak ＂invention＂, the ＂heart＂ concept, it is for the core philosophy of Xiangshan; after its heart, its first large and righteousness of the three axis direction for research.　　Then inferred from the heart of the universe and the nature of the metaphysics of morals. To inquiry Xiangshan ＂mind on the＂ in character education practice of reflected; respectively to Ming its this heart as education of target, and aught inside of consciously and reflection, implementation adult of learn and independent learning, and focused on learning attitude and individual needs counselling, diligence education practice exercise, real acting, facts, attention character and righteousness of road; real reached Xiangshan lecture education of target and effectiveness get validation.　　Last on Xiangshan heart learn thought on modern education of inspired part, to implemented moral education, and established filial piety TI harmony family, and remodeling Division road ethics, and shame self-discipline reflection for prescription, more period industry parks inside heart learn reconstruction character education for target, is this times research Xiangshan ＂mind on the＂ by get a on moral heart fundamental of understanding; on character education value more deep of body recognize, hope on moral education of real using and development made meager contribution.
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