| 摘要: | 隨著殯葬產業因應老年化社會的需求而逐漸蓬勃發展，以及若干媒體之推波助瀾，使得近十年來台灣的殯葬產業，似乎有逐漸被「明星化」的趨勢。其中又以禮儀師、喪禮司儀等原本非常冷門的職業，躍身成為求職者的新寵。然而現實面究竟是如何呢?研究者是一位專業的喪禮司儀，深感台灣喪禮司儀的角色定位不清，很容易與禮儀師混淆，相關的學習環境，證照制度也付諸闕如。 有鑒於此，本研究針對喪禮司儀角色定位及其養成教育方面進行探討，經研究結果發現如下： 要擔任一位稱職的喪禮司儀，需具備的角色定位包含：奠文撰述者、喪禮主持者、儀節引導者、氣氛營造者、時間與秩序掌控者、溝通協調者、孝道與儀節維護者、儀節遵守者、悲傷撫慰者、現場突發狀況應變者等十大角色。 為培養一位喪禮司儀的必備專業，養成教育課程需包含：殯葬文書、殯葬禮俗、奠禮流程、各宗教奠禮流程與生死觀、語文能力與口語表達能力、溝通協調、美姿美儀、悲傷輔導、家族稱謂、司儀實作課程、經驗傳承等十一種課程。 根據上述結果，本研究建議喪禮司儀從業人員，能積極成立司儀同業公會或社團，以促進業內自律、交流與成長。另建議內政部及勞動部，積極規劃喪禮司儀證照制度，以利引導教學，促進喪禮司儀從業人員之專業發展。
With the gradual burgeoning development of funeral service in response to the needs of aging society with the help of certain media, the funeral service industry in the recent ten years seems to show the trends of gradually being “idolized”. Among which the morticians and funeral master careers which were originally very unpopular, leapt to become the new favorites of job seekers. However what is the actual reality? The researcher is a professional funeral master who feels that the role of funeral direction in Taiwan is poorly defined, it is easily confused with mortician, the relevant learning environment, the certifying systems are also lacking. In view of this, this study focuses on the role definition of funeral master and the aspects of formative education for discussion, the study results findings are as followed: In order to be a competent funeral master, its role definition includes: obituary composer, funeral conductor, ceremonial consultant, atmosphere creator, time and order controller, communication negotiator, filial piety and etiquettes maintainer, etiquette follower, condolence comforter, onsite emergency responder such ten major roles. In order to cultivate the necessary professionalism required by a funeral master, the formative education courses need to include: funeral paperwork, funeral customs, funeral ceremony procedure, different funeral ceremony procedures and views on life of different religion, language ability and oral expression ability, community negotiation, poise and posture, grievances consultancy, familial titles, practical ceremony announcer courses, passing down of experiences such eleven courses. According to the above mentioned results, this study recommends funeral master practitioners to actively establish funeral master union or society in order to promote industry self-discipline, communication and growth. In addition, it also recommends the Internal Affairs Ministry and Labor Department to proactively plan funeral master certification system in order to guide education to promote funeral master practitioners professional developments. |
