| 摘要: | 本研究目的在探討中正預校學生在學科學習、生活適應、人際關係現況及需要的協助。並探討中正預校畢業學長生命經驗，以此做為學弟之參考。根據前兩項結果，研究協助學生適應預校生活及為軍人生涯預作心理準備。 本研究以質性研究深度訪談為主，訪問七位學長的生命故事，歸納他們的生命經驗，以供學弟參考。並以問卷調查法為輔，調查預校內三百多位學生，他們的入學決定權、入學動機，以及在學科學習、生活適應、人際關係與同儕相處、需要協助的項目、對未來生涯規劃及對未來信心度等。 得到主要的研究發現及建議如下：(一)研究發現1.在訪問七位畢業學長的生命經驗中，他們共同一致的感受，是感謝中正預校為他們打下深厚的基礎，對於日後進入官校念書、官校畢業後任職軍中工作，及退伍後轉業發展，均有極大的助益。因為官校學生有來自普通高中及中正預校，相形之下，來自中正預校的學生，適應力又快又強。以往認為「不合理」的磨練，現在終於明白是為了什麼。軍人武德之一，絕對服從，不問理由，更不問合理與否，前因後果有一定的道理。學長要轉達給學弟的忠告是「你們的選擇是對的，不要只看一時，要看長遠，不只看小我，要看大我」。2.中正預校學生有高達九成是主動入學，就讀意願極高，高一生有56.6%已經適應，有九成學生與同儕相處上沒有問題，學長對學弟熱忱照顧及領導管教。3.無論是高一、高二、高三學生，他們最需要的幫助，首先是課業，其次是感情問題，再者人際關係，與家人相處列為第四。4.畢業學長有許多寶貴經驗提供學弟參考。為因應課業壓力，做到課前預習、課中專心聽講、課後複習。做好課前準備工作，內心踏實，就能減少壓力。有了好的生活習慣，學會解決生活問題的能力，自然能按部就班的規畫課業學習。若有課業困難，學校也安排輔導課加強，可向老師、同學請教或可自費請家教。多從事戶外及體能活動，有助於抒解課業壓力。想家時可寫信、打電話回家，或找同學、師長聊聊，或去圖書館、藝術中心、美術館、電影院。5.畢業學長分享適合交女朋友的時機，是在官校三、四年級思想比較成熟時，練習與異性相處。財務和假期的規劃管理，則是每月存三、四千元，放假留校看書報雜誌、打球運動或與同學去校外走走。6.官校有學長制，生活管制、體能訓練、課業要求也較預校更嚴格。因為有關心的師長、長官及一群志同道合的同學，在多年以後才了解所謂「親愛精誠」，一直到現在都還有這樣的理念。7.官校畢業後下部隊任職，更要繼續進修、存錢、練身體。在工作崗位當部隊裡優秀的軍官，具有專業、解決問題的能力，不怕麻煩的耐心與態度，以身作則，用「心 」帶兵，關愛袍澤，處事公正，和善堅持，發揚「黃埔精神」。作為一位好的領導者，要回饋所學，讓自己成為別人的貴人。要利用公餘時間充實軍中以外的知識，培養第二專長，為退伍後融入民間做準備。8.畢業學長在工作、家庭與進修取得平衡的方式，是與單位和家人做好溝通，視情況做出取捨。休假時盡量配合家人時間，帶家人去旅遊、吃美食，和親友聚餐聊天。非休假時間，則以寫信、打電話為主。9.自軍中退伍後，善用以往在軍事教育所受的培訓，軍中工作所受的磨練，規律的生活作息，克服困難、隨機應變的能力，吃苦耐勞的好德行及人格特質，皆有助於退伍後順利轉業發展。10.畢業學長認為優秀軍人所需具備的條件是：(1)責任心與榮譽感(2)智、信、仁、勇、嚴(3)親愛精誠(4)發揚黃埔精神。11.畢業學長對學弟的建議，德、智、體、群、美要均衡發展，遵循校訓愛國、敦品、勵學、強身。要利用公餘時間多元學習，習得更多專業技能及培養人際關係。(二)建議1.對預校的建議(1)寄發錄取通知單時，附上書單，要求入學報到前閱讀，尤以“讀書的方法”為要。(2)新生調適教育時，實施國、英、數、理化測驗，各科分三至五級，各科皆實施跑班上課。(3)舉辦專題演講的主題，可增加時間管理、兩性相處、親子愉快溝通等。(4)心輔室教師應安排進教室授課，並常駐各學生大隊教師辦公室。(5)每年為全體教師開設心輔研習課程。2.對國防部的建議(1)國軍各單位應增配營養師，公發優質不鏽鋼碗(不要電鍍的)。(2)應盡速偕同教育部全面推動國中生之性向測驗，以幫助學生及家長決定選讀軍校，視從軍為一生的職志。(3)暑假辦理短期夏令營，讓國中生有機會體驗軍中生活。(4)國軍各單位(自預校、官校、部隊…等)全面開設正念減壓課程。(5)設立眷屬服務專責單位(例如設立各縣市眷屬聯誼中心，提供軍眷心理諮商、親子溝通課程、急難救助、暫時托嬰、托兒、托老中心)。3.對政府的建議應更尊重軍人，保障軍人服役時及退伍後的福利、健康及生活所需，提升退伍後轉業的訓練機制，以吸引更多有志青年能無後顧之憂的投身軍旅。
The purpose of this study is to explore the status of Chung Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School students in their studies, life adaptation, interpersonal relationships, and what the assistance they need. And to explore the life experience of graduated as a reference for the junior schoolmates of the school. Based on the first two results, researcher will develop a method to help students adapt to military school life and help them prepare themselves before they enter the military career. This study focuses on the depth of interviews with qualitative research, In the course of the study; researcher have visited seven seniors, and summed up their life story, provided to the junior schoolmates as a reference. And the questionnaire survey method to assist the investigation of more than 300 students, record their admission decision, admission motivation, as well as the status in subject learning, life adaptation, interpersonal relationships and peer, as well as the assistance they need, the future career planning and confidence in the future. Based on the main findings and suggestions as follows: 1. The study found: A. From the experience of the seven graduated students who received the visit, they unanimously thank the school has built a solid foundation for them, and this makes a great help for their study in military academy, as an officer in troop and their job after retire. Because the student of military academy are comes from civilians high school and Chung Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School, in contrast, the student of Chung Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School shows high degree of adaptability, that makes them understand that ＂irrational honing ＂ is what for. Obedience is one of the military martial arts, absolutely obey, do not ask the reason, not to mention reasonable or not, there are certain reasons for the cause and effect. The advice of the seniors to convey to the junior is ＂your choice is right, do not just look at the moment, depends on the long term, do not just care about yourself but the group ＂.B. More than 90 percent of Chung Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School students are voluntary, very willing to attend school, 56.6% of first grade students have been adapted, 90 percent of students and peers get along very good, seniors are very enthusiastic to help junior and give the right leadership and discipline.C. Regardless of which grade, the most needed help is the schoolwork, followed by emotional problems, and then interpersonal relationships, and family members ranked fourth.D. Already graduated seniors have a lot of valuable experience provided to junior schoolmate as reference. For example, in terms of school curricula, the first, they advise the junior schoolmate to do the pre-class preview, concentrate on listening to class, after class to review. Do the preparation beforehand and the mood will be stable, the pressure will not be so big; second, they advise the junior schoolmate to cultivate good living habits, learn to solve the problem of life. If you can do the two things well, it is natural to arrange the study plan correctly. Third, they advise the junior schoolmate, if there are difficulties in learning, the school will arrange courses to strengthen the students' learning ability or ask for help to teachers and classmates or hire tutor. Fourth, they advise to engage in outdoor and physical activity, its help to relieve the pressure on school. If you are homesick, you can write a letter, call home, or find a classmate, teacher talk, or go to the library, art center, art museum, and cinema, in various ways dilute the homesickness.E. Already graduated also share, which the time of suitable to pay a girlfriend is three or four grades in military academy when thinking is more mature, this time we can get along with the opposite sex more harmonious. In the financial and holiday planning management, they recommend a monthly deposit of three to four thousand dollars; when holiday comes, stay in school studying, or reading newspapers and magazines, engaged in sports or with the students to the outside travel or go for a walk.F. There is pecking order system In all of military academy, so the ordinary life has strict management, and studies requirements are more stringent than Chung Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School. But because the school has a number of teachers and senior officers who concerned about the students and all students are getting along with a group of like-minded students, so after many years, they truly understand the motto of ＂Camaraderie＂ (親愛精誠), and this idea has not changed today.G. After graduation to the army as an officer, they still have to undergo continuous study and training in order to strengthen the ability and knowledge of the work. To be a good officer, must have a professional knowledge, the ability to solve the problem, have patience and good attitude, to lead by example, with the ＂heart ＂ to lead troops, care gowns, justice, care for comrades, and that is the so-called ＂Carry the Huang Pu spirit ＂(發揚黃埔精神). As a good leader, he must feedback what he learned to the troop and let himself become a right-hand man of his senior officer and a mentor of his subordinate. He must use the spare time to enrich the knowledge outside the military, cultivate the second expertise, In order to be ready to integrate into society and find a job before retiring.H. Seniors in the work, family and study to achieve a balanced way, is make a good communicate between troop and family, depending on the situation to make a choice. For example, in the vacation or holiday with family to travel, enjoy the food or dinner chat with friends and family as far as possible. In non-holiday time, to write, or use a variety of communication software, hardware communicates with family.I. After retiring, we must make good use of the knowledge and ability which learned from military academy and troop, for example, high degree of patience, regular lifestyle, ability of overcome difficulties and ability of strain, spirit of hard- working and integrity of the personality, these are conducive to the smooth development after retirement.J. The seniors believe that good officers must have the following conditions: (1).Must has the sense of responsibility and honor.(2).Must has the military morality of wisdom, sincerely, benevolence, courage and strictness.(3).Must has the spirit of ＂Camaraderie ＂.(4).Must has to carry the ＂Huang Pu spirit ＂.K. The seniors advised, to balance the development of moral, intellectual, physical, Interpersonal and art. Must to observe the motto of school, to patriotic, cultivate noble personality, and strive to learn, forging a healthy body. Use the spare time to engage in multiple learning and learn more professional skills and cultivate interpersonal relationships.2. Suggestion: A. Suggestion to Chung Cheng Armed Forces Preparatory School: (1) Teachers and officers of the school must ask the students about their reading methods at the time of the interview so that they can be given corrections and counseling.(2) In the new adaptation education week, implementation of Chinese literature, English, mathematics, physics and chemistry subjects of the test, the subjects are divided into three to five, all subjects are running classes.(3) Hold a keynote speech; increase the time management, the two sides get along, parent-child happy communication knowledge and ability.(4) Psychological counseling teachers should enter the classroom teaching, rather than in the exclusive office waiting for students to receive counseling and should be resident in the student brigade teacher office.(5) Counseling courses must be offered to teachers of the whole school in every year.2. Suggestion to Department of Defense:(1) Department of Defense should be assigned in full nutritionists to all units. All military personnel and military students must use high quality stainless steel cutlery to maintain their health.(2) The Department of Defense should coordinate with the Ministry of Education to promotes the comprehensively Aptitude test of all junior high school in order to screen out the students who are suitable for studying at military academy.(3) Set ups a short-term military summer camp, so that the students of junior high school had the opportunity to experience the military life.(4) All military units and schools should set up a “Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction” (MBSR) course.(5) Establish service units of dependents, such as set up Dependents Association center in every county or city to providing counseling assistant, parent-child communication courses, emergency relief, temporary care, nursery, care center to military dependents.3. Suggestion to the government:Government officials and elected representatives should respect the military service man, and to legislate to protect the military service and post-retirement welfare, health and living needs, to improve the post-retirement training mechanism to attract more aspiring young people can no worries to join the military. |
