| 摘要: | 背景/目的：老人因焦慮造成不安的情況嚴重，進而導致焦慮的議題值得重視，研究指出彩繪曼陀羅可以有效降低焦慮。所以，本研究目的為探討不同藝術活動對降低老人焦慮之成效，以及色彩喜好與焦慮之相關性。 研究對象及方法：本研究於2016年9至10月期間，召募120位南部某老人教育大學學員，隨機分成四組。在回想一件害怕的事後進行彩繪曼陀羅、直線畫、自由畫或一般活動對照組等。除填寫基本資料、生活型態、健康狀態及對色彩喜好等問題之外，並進行前(T1)、中(T2)、後(T3)三次情境特質焦慮量表(STAI)。研究結果以皮爾森卡方分析及變異數分析量表得分差異以及影響老人焦慮之相關因子。 結果：參與彩繪曼陀羅研究的受試者中，男性占26.7%以及女性占73.3%、平均年齡為65.1歲、身體質量指數為23.4 kg/m2、教育程度以高中職為主(43.3%)、較多為已婚(67.5%)以及多數有子女數3位以上(58.3%)。大多數人每天運動(48.3%)、自覺健康普通(50.8%)、68.3%曾經被診斷或自覺有慢性疾病，其中37.5%有高血壓疾病。分組實驗結果顯示彩繪曼陀羅與自由畫能有效的降低老人焦慮情形，而曼陀羅畫更能讓受試者感到平靜、安全、滿意、舒適、放鬆、滿足以及愉快。但是，色彩喜好與焦慮並沒有相關性。 結論：彩繪曼陀羅能讓老人平靜進而降低其焦慮。本研究發現可提供未來樂齡教育在規劃課程時，能設計彩繪曼陀羅活動，使高齡者享受紓壓學習之參考。
Background: The discomfort caused by anxiety in elderly adults can lead to depression and researches have indicated that coloring mandalas can benefit individuals suffering from anxiety. Purpose: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of different types of arts activities in the reduction of anxiety and the association of color preferences with anxiety in elderly adults. Methods: A total of 120 elderly adults from a senior learning center in southern Taiwan were randomly assigned to 4 groups between September to October 2016. After undergoing a brief anxiety-induction by thinking about the time that they felt most fearful, participants were asked to complete color paintings either on a mandala design, on a plaid design, or on a blank piece of paper. The control group was given a general activity during the experimental period. Data on demography, lifestyle, perceived general health status, and their color preferences were collected. Anxiety level was measured with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at baseline (T1), after the anxiety induction (T2), and after coloring (T3). Descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi Square test, and Analysis of Variance analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: Among the participants, 26.7% were male and 73.3% were female. The mean age of the participants was 65.1 years and the mean body mass index was 23.4 kg/m2. The education level of the participants was mainly high school level (43.3%), 67.5% of them were married, and 58.3% had more than 3 children. Almost half of them (48.3%) exercised daily and 50.8% indicated that their perceived health status was average. In addition, 68.3% reported that they had been diagnosed or perceived to have at least one chronic disease and most of them had high blood pressure (37.5%). Results demonstrated that anxiety levels declined similarly for the mandala- and free form-coloring groups, while mandala-coloring group experienced more calmness, security, satisfaction, comfort, relaxation, contentness, and pleasantness. However, there were no associations between color preferences and anxiety levels. Conclusion: Coloring mandala may be used for ameliorating anxiety among the elderly adult. This finding could be provided to senior learning programs to encourage them to design coloring mandala activities as an ideal reliever for seniors. |
