莊子的處世智慧歷來多有不同的敘述，本文則以內七篇第四〈人間世〉為主要依據，並兼及其餘六篇的解讀，以為莊子之思想與為人實乃關懷世道人心之安頓，而具體表現出在世而安世、安世而化世的應世態度，是以當以「用世」一名形容之最為恰當。莊子之用世思想一則有其主觀上之工夫和境界做為實踐的依據，二則即依此主觀的修持而客觀化為該有的用世型態。在主觀依據上，莊子重在心知定執的滌除，試圖由此障礙的拆解以敞開心門，在絕對的融受與寬待中無限的通達於天地人我，於是莊子主張心齋、主張養中、主張唯道集虛、主張乘物遊心、主張無門無毒一宅而寓於不得已，並在任何處境中皆能安之若命的瀟洒與寧靜中，有效化解艱難糾葛的實際遭遇。至於在客觀的用世上莊子則有二類三型的不同回應，一是分別地對舉於世俗的有用有材而主張絕不淪為世俗之工具以此乃為不材與無用，二是分別地對舉於世俗「有蓬之心」下的定用限用而主張無執於所用乃知「所用之異」以得無限之妙用，三是非分別地無對無礙的齊同天地萬物並且應而不藏、勝物不傷的保住一切存在，若聖人之處有道之世固當參贊天地化育、人文化成天下，其在無道之世則為不禁其性、不塞其源的護持天地萬物的自生自長自濟自成。 This article is based on Zhuangzi's Renjianshi to discuss the theory of ＂Yon Shi＂. Zhuangzi's idea of ＂Yon Shi＂ is to practice with objective consciousness. Then using the result and turning it into the subjective way it should be with the idea of yon-shi. The point is to take out the obsession in our heart and to understand the world with more tolerance. Then ＂Dao＂ will fall upon us when our heart is empty and quiet. No matter how hard the situations are, we can still deal with them with peaceful mind. As for the subjective way, it is the way without pursuit to efficiency and obsession with success. However, that is how everything can be kept in the end.
