| 摘要: | 宋．知禮（960－1028）根據唐．伽梵達摩翻譯《大悲心陀羅尼經》制定《千手眼大悲心呪行法》，也是現今流行最廣共修法會《大悲懺法》之濫觴。《大悲心陀羅尼經》主要宣說，千手千眼觀世音菩薩內証功德之根本咒──大悲咒，具有懺除惡業重罪的力能，發起跟觀世音菩薩大悲願力，所展現拔苦與樂，利濟眾生的誓願，咒體蘊含實相真理，又有儀節的事項，「尋其經文，觀慧事儀足可行用」知禮依經制懺，參考《法華三昧懺儀》十科儀軌，與天台圓教觀法來詮釋，制定此行法，即繼承又開創於不同天台懺法的風格，可說是一部上乘行法。後經由明末清初讀體重纂、寂暹校梓之後《大悲懺》，刪減成五科，尤其將天台最具特色第十科「觀行」、觀世音菩薩十六誓願詮釋文等刪除，簡化後《大悲懺》，成為現今各道場大眾共修法會所舉辦《大悲懺法》使用版本，利於普及推廣此懺法。若以現今舉辦「大悲懺法會」主要訴求，仍重在消災解厄拔薦等方面，則參加《大悲懺法》對佛教徒而言，仍是只有禮懺事儀，並無理觀之成分在內，更甚者佛教徒參與法會消災或超薦卻不親自到場拜懺，請託法師代為禮拜迴向，全然失去懺法在修行上真實意涵，此現象值得深思反省。知禮創制《大悲心呪行法》，有高深天台義理與嚴格事儀規範，只適用少數僧團菁英份子所修，甚至現今共修法會最流傳的《大悲懺法》，主尊觀世音菩薩跟現世利益有關，《大悲懺法》也成為經懺佛事之一。那麼原本知禮制懺目的是懺除罪障推進禪觀趣入，以證悟究竟諸法實相為目標，如今充滿世俗功利的氣息，喪失當初知禮制懺原意，那麼探討《大悲心呪行法》就具有重大意義，引導修習者了知天台懺法有精深法義及觀法為核心，實踐懺法時不會停留在表層事儀上，能提升獲致修學實踐心靈深層體驗。
The Great-Compassionate Heart Incantation Practices of the Avalokiteśvara with a Thousand Hands and Eyes formulated by Zhili, Dynasty Song (960-1028) according to the Great-Compassionate Heart Dhāraṇī translated by śramaṇa Bhagavaddharma, of Dynasty Tang, is also the beginning of Great Compassion Repentance Retreat, the most popular today. The Great-Compassionate Heart Dhāraṇī mainly said the fundamental incantation which the Thousand-Handed Thousand-Eyed Bodhisattva proves the charitable and pious deeds inwardly—Great-Compassionate Incantation, having the power of repentance and elimination of bad karma and felony, vowing to comfort the afflicted and benefit human beings as the great willingness shown by Avalokiteśvara. The incantation contains the ultimate essence of things and disposition in the twelve scriptures, but also there are ritual matters, ＂according to its scriptures, it is useful to see the wisdom of truth and ceremonial protocols＂. Zhili formulated the Incantation subject to sutra, referring to the ten disciplinary rites of Fa Hua Sanmei Chan Yi, and explaining the doctrines of Round Teaching in Tiantai Buddhism, that is, which inherited and innovated in different repentance styles of Tiantai Buddhism, can be said to be a superior repentance practices. After Rev. Duti recompiled and Rev. Jixian proofread and sent to the press during late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty, the Great Compassion Repentance was reduced into five disciplines, in particular, the 10th discipline ＂Observation and Practice＂, the most characteristic of Tiantai Buddhism, and the interpretation of Avalokitasvara's sixteen vows were deleted, after simplification, the Great Compassion Repentance, becomes the version used in Great Compassion Repentance Retreat held by major temples today, and more widely circulated. If the main appeal for Great Compassion Repentance Retreat held today still focus on disaster relief, and releasing souls of Karmic entanglements, ancestors, parents for generations, and past relatives from purgatory, then the participation of the Great Compassion Repentance, for Buddhists is still only repentance rites, without ＂stopping and contemplation＂. Zhili formulated Great-Compassionate Heart Incantation Practices, with a deep doctrines of Tiantai Buddhism and strict rules of rite, suitable for a small number of Shanha elites to practice; until now, the Great Compassion Repentance has been adapted to the public to use and practice, even Avalokiteśvara is related to the interests of the world, so that Great Compassion Repentance has become one of Buddhist services. The original purpose of Zhili to formulate repentance was to repent and eliminate Karmic crime into meditation in order to the prove the exact reality of sarva-vastuni, to the present its emphasis on the pursuit of the interests of the world has lost the original intention of Zhili to formulate the repentance; therefore, to explore Great-Compassionate Heart Incantation Practices is of great significance, so that the practitioners know Tiantai Repentance has a profound meaning as a guide, and won't stay in the rites when practice the repentance, but can enhance the deep experience of practice. |
