印順法師可說是佛教界的思想大家,其一生著作甚多。籍由此次對印順法師的中國佛教觀之探討,以文獻學分析法和思想研究法作為研究進路,而分析三個觀點:一是解明印順法師對中國佛教歷史之觀點;二是解明印順法師對中國佛教義理之觀點;三是印順法師對中國佛教的評論與期許。以理解印順法師對中國佛教因種種適應而產生的弊病所提出的對治方案。 印順法師對中國佛教歷史之觀點,分成印度佛教傳譯到中國和中國佛教自身歷史兩部分。印度佛教傳譯到中國的部分,印順法師表態:中國一開始,以大乘為主,小乘為從的局面。印度佛教第二期是性空唯名、虛妄唯識、真常唯心三系並進時期,但傳來中國卻以性空經為主;印度佛教第三期是秘教思想,於此同時,傳來中國的思想是以真常、唯識經典為主。中國佛教自身歷史發展的部分,分為思辨該綜期和延續篤行期。思辨該綜期指中國佛教吸收於印度佛教的適應階段;延續篤行期指中國佛教自己開發為獨到體系的階段。 印順法師對中國佛教義理之觀點,關於印度禪蛻變為中華禪,胡適認為是神會,印順法師認為是法融。禪宗不立文字,印順法師認為是從洪洲、石頭門下的不立言說而來。對於往生淨土的方便道分為正常道與方便道。中國所流行的求生淨土的念佛法門是方便道。印順法師認為特殊往生法並非只是口稱念佛而已,三福業才是往生淨土的正因。至於三論宗,法師認為以性空唯名論為立論根本,但到了吉藏已融入唯心思想。天台宗的空假中三諦,雖不合原文,但印順法師認為天台並無不合佛意,甚至也沒有不合龍樹意。天台宗雖是龍樹學之一,但因納入各宗思想,即成綜合學派的特性。印順法師認為判教只是對佛法中各種不同說法的抉擇,不應有高下之分。中國到了唐代,已為《四分律》所統一,主因為《四分律》有五義通大乘的原故。印順法師特重性善戒的養成。性善戒非只是行善行,而是一種習性的養成,是自發性的持續不斷行善的力量。 每一宗皆為印順法師所稱許,只因在演變過程中,中國佛教有因適應而偏向,例如理論偏於至圓、方法偏於至簡、修證偏於至頓。理論與修證皆應符合實際事行來衡量,不應浮誇,依教理的先後次第來理解,如此才不會什麼也做不到而無法成就。初學者的修學方法應有次第性,循序漸進的學習,但最重要的是對佛法的充實。對於修證方式的期許,印順法師認為要有長在生死中修菩薩行的本領:除了堅定的菩提心以長養慈悲心之外,主要的是勝解空性的體悟。 Master Yin Shun was one of the most influential Buddhist thinkers in modern era. Though he left a huge number of important works, yet these works, especially those about Chinese Buddhism, attracted attention of many critics. In order to clarify Master Yin Shun's views on Chinese Buddhism, with the literature analysis method and the ideological research method, this study explored the Chinese Buddhist concepts of Master Yin Shun with three categories: one is to explain the views of Master Yin Shun on the history of Chinese Buddhism; another is Master Yin Shun's views on Chinese Buddhist thoughts; the third is the comments and expectations of Master Yin Shun on Chinese Buddhism. The results of this study are as follows: First, Master Yin Shun's views on the history of Chinese Buddhism are divided into two parts: the one translated from Indian Buddhism sutras translated and the other is the one developed in China. Secondly, Master Yin Shun's views on Chinese Buddhist thoughts, especially the major eight schools of Chinese Mahayana Buddhism, are analyzed. Finally, thought Master Yin Shun criticized the malady of Chinese Buddhism due to various adaptations, he confirmed the advantages of Chinese Buddhism and suggested practitioners to learn Buddhism step by step by keeping on understanding the thoughts of dependent origination and the emptiness as well as possessing the Bodhicitta firmly.