| 摘要: | 非洲是當代全球最貧窮與落後的大陸區塊，是最需要用重視人類價值的人道主義去關懷的地區。本研究以台灣某基金會在東南非國家莫三比克的中部城市「DONDO」興建育幼院園區計畫的操作經驗為例。主要藉由參與式田野研究等方法，解明莫三比克建築生產體制與建設業的現況、育幼院園區計畫與設計的演進以及園區第一期單體建築的建造，在營造實施過程中，工作團隊在面對在地社會、文化、生活、生態、技術上產生問題時，如何找出台灣經驗與在地經驗於經過衝突、溝通、協調與融合後，所創造在地記憶與地方價值。 該計畫注重以人道主義為中心理論，強調實踐方式的重要性。通過文獻研究、在地調查、訪談居民，對當地政治、經濟、歷史、文化、教育、自然景觀、傳統工藝與工法、特色產業、地質概要及生態環境進行調查研究，作為逐次調整育幼院園區規畫設計的準則，並主要以(一)認同融入地方，經由與地方協調建立共同認知。(二) 友善生態與自然環境，減少大面積開發，保留原生樹種，以草溝導水配合生態池保水，疊砌石塊構築具透水、保水性的擋土牆等。(三)綠色節能的建築，採用當地既有建材，減少運輸，降低碳排量等，節約營建成本。(四)尊重在地居民及文化、保留甩漿粉刷、噴漿處理、屋頂隔熱層等具有價值的當地傳統工法。(五) 技術傳輸與引進，讓莫三比克年輕一代不僅能得到在地技術，也經由引進新技術而學習新工法，創造就業機會。(六)自給自足，運用興建有機農場，照顧當地貧窮及供應附近大城市銷售，自籌財源。(七)參與式建築，民眾參與建造，優先採用當地勞動者，並減少貧窮。以上這七點為實踐策略，以協助計畫的營造完成。而後透過論文，撰寫策略操作過程中面臨的困難與解決方式，為地方留下在地記憶及歷史紀錄以供後續相關研究及實務工作提供參考。
Africa is the world's poorest and most underdeveloped continent.It is the region that most needs to be cared for with humanitarian values that value human values. This study uses the operating experience of a foundation in Taiwan to build the orphanage park project in the ＂DONDO＂ in the central Mozambican city of East and South Africa. Through the methods of participatory field research and other methods, the status of the construction system and construction industry in Mozambique was understood, the planning and design process of the orphange garden, and the first phase of the garden were implemented during the construction and implementation process. When problems arise in local society, culture, life, ecology, and technology, the humanitarian-centered care strategy is solved, and then the Taiwan experience and the local experience are identified through conflict, communication, coordination, and integration. Create in-memory and in-place values. The plans to focus on the humanitarian-centered theory and emphasizes the importance of a practical approach. Through literature research, insite investigations, interviews with residents, surveys and studies on local politics, economy, history, culture, education, natural landscapes, traditional craftsmanship, construction methods, characteristic industries, geological outlines, and ecological environment, as a step-by-step adjustment of the orphange garden. The guidelines for planning and designing are mainly based on (I)Recognize localities, establish common understanding and identity with local people through coordination, and integrate with localities, (II)Friendly ecology and the natural environment, reducing large-scale development, and preserving native species. With Caogou water diversion and eco-pool water retention, stacking stones to build retaining walls with permeable and water-retaining properties, (III)Green and energy-efficient buildings, Adopting existing local building materials, reducing transportation, reducing carbon emissions, etc., saving construction costs, (IV) Respect the local residents and culture, retain valuable local traditional engineering methods such as shale painting, shotcrete treatment and roof insulation, (v)Ttransfer and import of technology. The young generation of Mozambican can not only obtaining local technologies, learning new construction methods through the introduction of new technologies, creating job opportunities, (VI) Self-sufficient sharing, and application Built organic farm, take care of the big cities nearby local poor sales and supply, (Ⅶ) Participatory construction, the participation of the people in construction, the priority use of local workers, and poverty reduction, financial resources raised by more than six points for the practice of this strategy, in order to help create a plan is completed. Afterwards, through writing a dissertation, he wrote the difficulties and solutions he faced in the process of strategic operations, leaving local memory and historical records for the place to provide reference for subsequent related research and practical work. |
