| 摘要: | 中國大陸的產能過剩問題，學界多從經濟學視角探究其原因，對於調控產能過剩的治理績效為何不彰，甚至過剩問題有惡化趨勢，仍缺乏一套系統性論述。2008 年全球金融危機以後，產能過剩問題越趨嚴重，從低端的、局部性過剩轉變為高端、全面性結構過剩，並外溢引發國際貿易爭端，進而原本在加入WTO十五年後本自動獲得的「市場經濟」地位，遭受到歐美日本等國反對。連帶「一帶一路」倡議輸出過剩產能計畫，也遭遇到國際質疑。對於產能過剩原因，大陸學界向來較偏好「市場失靈」理論，支持政府運用行政干預市場方式，治理產能過剩與矯正失靈；另一派理論由「政府失靈」動因解釋產能過剩，認為機制設計存在缺陷或體制固有的弊病所決定的，體制扭曲與政策失衡加劇供需失衡，政府應該回歸並完善市場制度來治理產能過剩。本文針對鋼鐵產業個案研究，發現「中國式」產能過剩主要是受到非經濟因素（如政治目的、政策失誤等）影響，政府若不改變長期以來的調控方式，落實市場機制發揮決定性作用，降低非經濟因素干擾，產能過剩將無法從根本治理，更無益於改善日益高漲的反全球化與貿易保護主義風潮。
The problem of overcapacity in mainland China has been explored from the perspective of economics, and there is still a lack of systematic discussion on the reasons why the governance performance of the regulation of overcapacity is not enough and even the surplus problem is deteriorating. After the 2008 global financial crisis, overcapacity problem more serious, from low-end, local surplus to high-end, comprehensive structure surplus, and spillover caused international trade disputes, and then originally in the WTO 15 years after the automatic acquisition of the ＂market economy＂ status, suffered to Europe and the United States Japan and other countries boycott. For the reasons of overcapacity, the mainland has always preferred the theory of ＂market failure＂, supporting the government to use the administrative intervention Market mode, the management of overcapacity and rectification failure; another theory by ＂The cause of government failure explains the excess capacity, which is decided by the defects of the mechanism design and the inherent disadvantages of the system, the system distortion and the policy imbalance aggravate the imbalance of supply and demand, the Government should return and perfect the market system to manage the overcapacity. Based on the case study of steel industry, found that the ＂Chinese-style＂ overcapacity is mainly affected by the economic factors (such as political purposes, policy errors, etc.), if the government does not change the long-term control mode, the implementation of market mechanisms to play a decisive role in reducing the interference of non-economic factors, overcapacity will not be from the fundamental governance, Less conducive to improving the rising tide of anti-globalization and protectionism. |
