陶淵明〈歸去來兮辭〉研究

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題名:	陶淵明〈歸去來兮辭〉研究
其他題名:	The Study of Tao-Yuan-Ming's ＂Returning Home＂ (＂Kuei-Ch' iu Lai-Hsi＂)
作者:	黃冠雅 HUANG, KUAN-YA
貢獻者:	文學系陳章錫 CHEN, CHANG-HSI
關鍵詞:	陶淵明;歸去來兮辭;歸田;田園文學;隱逸文學 Tao-Yuan-Ming;Returning home;returning to farmland;pastoral literature;seclusion literature
日期:	2019
上傳時間:	2022-02-22 09:12:12 (UTC+8)
摘要:	東晉義熙元年（西元四Ｏ五年）年底，陶淵明歷經五仕五辭的仕宦生涯，在辭去陶澤令之後，作〈歸去來兮辭〉一篇自明心志，告別官場，甚至義熙末年，朝廷曾徵召他為著作郎，淵明不為所動，躬耕以終。故而〈歸去來兮辭〉的寫作便有了人生分界點的意義，代表他告別過去不稱意的遊宦生活，毅然走向另一種更真實的生命方向。〈歸去來兮辭〉成為文人心中晉代第一名的辭賦，故其在淵明作品中具有極高的價值，值得探究。　　本論文第一章為緒論，提出以顯豁〈歸去來兮辭〉的價值為研究動機，再描述相關研究成果，並交代研究方法。在第二章〈歸去來兮辭〉的創作背景與文學淵源中，第一、二節從陶淵明所處的時代與家世生平來認識其詩文所受到的外在影響，並分析〈歸去來兮辭〉創作的前因後果。接著，追溯〈歸去來兮辭〉作品本身所承襲的文學源頭，包括受到古代文人歸返意識、歸田文學與隱逸文學作品的滋養與啟發。第三章與第四章主要分析文本內容，包括思想內涵與情感之特徵。首先以「今是昨非」為思想的發端，這是自覺者的思想基礎。接著分析詩人本身任真的思想，表現為要求回返自然真我，以及任真思想所體現的安於孤獨的性情，這也是淵明〈歸去來兮辭〉的創作心態，而因著委心任去留的任真思想及回返自然本真的性情，成就了淵明作品中平和淡遠的意境。第三章後半則探討〈歸去來兮辭〉中「委運順化」的生死觀和感物傷時的思想，以及承襲儒家安貧固窮之觀念。第四章分析〈歸去來兮辭〉中的情感特徵。從四個主題來看此篇的情感特徵，分別是：飲酒自適的真味、田園生活的閒情、物我相融的情態，以及造訪大自然。第五章探討〈歸去來兮辭〉的創作特色及其影響，前三節先從「文體與句型特色」、「詞彙特色」、「修辭特色」三方面深入分析〈歸去來兮辭〉的形式之特色，最後一節探討〈歸去來兮辭〉對後代創作的重要影響，包括許多文人接受此篇辭賦的各種影響。　　第六章結論，歸納全篇重點：〈歸去來兮辭〉的八個內涵特徵：今是昨非的覺悟、任真的抉擇、對生命歸止的看法、曠放淡泊的安貧志向、飲酒自適的真味、田園生活的閒情、物我相融的情態、造訪大自然，而這八個特徵可以說幾乎涵蓋了陶淵明一生創作的各種主題，並且幾乎在他所有的詩歌中，都能找到與〈歸去來兮辭〉相呼應的思想與情感特徵，可以說〈歸去來兮辭〉是陶淵明一生詩文創作的濃縮精華之呈現，故而字字是覺悟之後，淬鍊而成的真切之生命告白語，配合楚辭體駢散交錯的四六形式，再加上鎔鑄古籍詞彙，顯出博學典雅，並配合用韻、疊字、聯綿詞等，創造出鏗鏘的聲韻美，以及運用映襯象徵等修辭技巧展現藝術美，創造出文質並重的不凡價值。　　At the end of the first year of Yixi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (405A.D.), Tao-Yuan-Ming went through the career of five official and resignations. After resigning from Tao Zeling, he made a self-evident mind, bid farewell to the officialdom. Even the last year of Yi Xi, when the court had called him to be the history officer, his determination was not moved. Therefore the writing of ＂Returning home＂ has the substantive meaning of the demarcation point, which means that he bid farewell to the unruly leisure life in the past and resolutely move toward another more realistic life direction. ＂Returning home＂ has become the first word of the Jin Dynasty in many peoples hearts, so it has a very high value in the Yuan-Ming works, it is worth exploring.　　The first chapter of this study is an introduction, and highlights the value of the ＂Return home＂ as the research motive, then describe the relevant research results, and explain the research methods. In the second chapter, creative background and literary origins of ＂Returning home＂, the first and second sections describe the external influence of the poetry and the poetry from the time and life of Tao-Yuan-Ming, and analyze the cause and effect of the creation. Then, trace the literary source that the work itself inherits, including the nourishment and inspiration of the ancient literati return consciousness, returning to farmland literature and seclusion literature. The third chapter and the fourth chapter mainly analyze the text content, including the characteristics of the ideological connotation and emotion. First of all, the beginning of the idea of ＂today is the right thing, but the past is wrong＂ is the ideological foundation of the conscious. Then analyze the poets own ideology, which is expressed as the requirement to return to the true self, and the solitude of the loneliness embodied in the thought of obeying the true temperament. This is also the creative mentality of ＂Returning home＂. Because of the thought of obeying the true temperament and returning to one's true nature, he has achieved a peaceful and far-flung mood in his works. In the second half of the third chapter, we will discuss the concept of obyeing the regulation of life and death, and the feelings that everything is easy to decay, and time is easy to pass away in this work, as well as the concept of inheriting the peace in poverty of Confucianism. The fourth chapter analyzes the emotional characteristics in ＂Returning home＂. Look at the emotional characteristics of this work from four themes: the true taste of drinking, the leisure of pastoral life, the temperament of things, and the visit to the nature. The fifth chapter discusses the creative characteristics and influence of ＂Returning home＂. The first three sections firstly analyze the characteristics of the form of ＂Returning home＂ from three aspects: ＂character and sentence characteristics＂, ＂vocabulary features＂ and ＂rhetorical features＂. The last section explores the important influence of the ＂Return home＂ on the creation of future generations, including the influence of many literati on the acceptance of this work.　　The sixth chapter concludes the main points of this study: the eight connotations of ＂Returning home＂: ＂today is the right thing, but the past is wrong＂, ＂the thought of obeying the true temperament＂, ＂the concept of obyeing the regulation of life and death＂, ＂the concept of peace in poverty＂, ＂The true taste of drinking＂, ＂the leisure of pastoral life＂, ＂the temperament of things＂, and ＂the visit to the nature＂. These eight characteristics can be said to cover almost all the themes created by Tao-Yuan-Ming in his all life. And almost all of his poems can find the ideological and emotional characteristics that echo the ＂Returning home＂. We can say that ＂Returning home＂ is the presentation of the concentrated essence of Tao Yuan-Mings poetry creation. Therefore, every word in this work is the real life confession that he exercised after his consciousness. This work is in erudition and elegance with the four or six forms of the genre of Chu literature, and rewrited ancient vocabulary. This work is combined with the use of rhyme, stacked characters, and conjunctions to create a beautiful sound. And it use the rhetorical techniques such as the contrast and symbolism to express the artistic beauty and create extraordinary value with equal emphasis on content and form.
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