| 摘要: | 近四十年，西方將正念去除宗教色彩，以廣泛運用，協助病患降低疼痛感、減壓、戒癮、預防憂鬱症復發等。西方正念療法之根源，取自於佛教典籍，擷取佛法中一小部分有利身心之元素。然而，其正念的定義、修習方法以及目的，與佛陀教導之正念，皆有極大差異。 正念是2500多年前佛陀教導之禪法，為三十七菩提分法之一，由身、受、心、法四個面向，以穩固的覺知與智慧法眼，來洞察萬事萬物之生、住、異、滅。三十七菩提道品分為四正勤、四念住、四神足、五根、五力、七覺支、八正道七組系統，為佛法之精隨，三學之擴展，道諦之延伸，是由凡轉聖、通往覺悟之法，解脫生死輪迴之道。 本研究旨在探討正念與四正勤、四神足、五根、五力、七覺支、八正道等，相互之間的緊密交織，及其彼此的輔助強化之關係性。正念貫穿佛陀所有法教，與各道品互為增上，使菩提道次第得以充分發揮其力，去除五蓋無明，解脫五欲執取，斷捨身見，以慧眼觀照一切顯像皆依緣而生，無常亦無自性，破除常、樂、我、淨之顛倒想，親證三法印，斷盡諸漏，達涅槃境。
Through the last forty years, some western countries have removed the religious connotation of ‘Mindfulness’ to apply it widely in various ways, such as helping clients to reduce pain, to relieve stress, to quite addictions, to prevent from depression recurrence, and etc. The western mindfulness-based therapy is derived from Buddhist scriptures and adopts the small part of elements which benefit body and mind. It's definition towards ‘Mindfulness’, as well as the ways and the purpose of practicing mindfulness, however, have significant differences from the mindfulness taught by Buddha. Mindfulness is the dharma practice taught by Buddha 2,500 years ago. It is one factor of the Thirty-Seven Bodhi-Pakkhiyā Dhammā. Through the four domains of the body, feelings/sensations, mind/consciousness, and dhammās, mindfulness is used for practicing steady awareness and forming wise insights in order to see through all the arising, abiding, changing and extinction of everything. The Thirty-Seven Bodhi-Pakkhiyā Dhammā includes the following seven sets of system: the four correct efforts, the four foundations, the four limbs of miraculous powers, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven branches of enlightenment and the eightfold path of the noble ones. They are the essence of Dharma, the expansion of the threefold training, and the extension of the noble eightfold paths. They are the way of turning to be noble ones and being enlightened, as well as the path of being free from live and death, being liberated from samsara. This study aims to investigate how the four correct efforts, the four limbs of miraculous powers, the five faculties, the five powers, the seven branches of enlightenment, and the eightfold path of the noble ones are mutual intertwined, as well as the relationship of mutual reinforcement among them. Mindfulness runs through all the dharma teachings and as a factor of enrichment towards each pakkhiyā dhammā. It empowers the Stages of The Path to Enlightenment, gets ride of the five hindrances of ignorance, frees the attachments of five sense pleasures, and relinquishes the view about a real personality. It sees all appearances with wisdom and realizes that they arise conditionally without permanence and have no self-nature, dispels the four wrong thoughts (what is impermanent as permanent, what is miserable as happiness, what is impure as pure, and what is selfless as having a self), truly experiences the three marks of existence, stops all the contaminated things and reaches ultimate nirvana. |
