| 摘要: | 本文旨在研究一貫道「求道立愿」的戒律觀到愿力觀的演變。宗教的身分歸屬，必須經過「儀式」的門檻與認證，才能確立宗教的身分認同；一貫道的「求道」，即是成為一貫道道親身分認同的儀式。在跨越道親與非道親的界線時，須有「求道立愿」的契約，這份契約的內容，不僅關係著進入一貫道之後所該遵守的原則與條件，同時也關係到一貫道的教義思想和宗教實踐。 本文要釐清的問題是，當「十條大愿」進入求道儀式的框架時，它被稱為「求道者當愿文」，具有求道儀式的宗教認同之意涵；然而在脫離求道儀式的框架後，就成為了一貫道的修行原則。這兩者之間最大不同的點是，「十條大愿」的項目當中並沒有「天譴雷誅」。因此，「十條大愿」本身具備的宗教意義，才是我們真正要探討的主題。 由於「求道立愿」是一貫道「求道儀式」的一部分，免不了須從「求道儀式」的演變中，去了解「求道立愿」的脈絡。一貫道承襲先天道而來，於是筆者將兩者的「求道儀式」進行比較，並且從不同時代的「求道立愿」之三皈五戒和十條大愿，了解兩者間的教義思想、宗教實踐有何不同。其次，由先天道演變到一貫道，中間歷經祖師的承襲、改革與轉向，從中可以了解十五祖王覺一是轉向的重要關鍵人物，成為思想脈絡的線索之一。最後，以「三皈五戒」的戒律觀和「十條大愿」的愿力觀，分別了解兩者的發展和宗教意義、宗教實踐之目的；再由一貫道愿力觀的意涵，了解一貫道可以發展的現代實踐。
This thesis aims at the transformation from view of disciplines to view of dedication in Yiguan Dao's Initiation Ritual and vow-making. In order to establish religious identity, it is necessary to go through ceremonies to build it. The Initiation Ritual is rightly the ceremony to attain Yiguan Dao's religious identity. When crossing the boundary between follower and non-follower, “vow-making”, which is like a contract in the Initiation Ritual, is important. The contents of “vow-making” are not only related to the principles and conditions that should be followed after entering Yiguan Dao, but also connect to Yiguan Dao's doctrines and religious practices. The question to be clarified here is that when the “vow-making”, namely the ＂ Ten Great Vows ＂(shitiao dayuan十條大愿), is framed within the Initiation Ritual, it is called the ＂ the receivers' vow＂. Yet, when it is not within the ceremony, it is simply the principles of Yiguan Dao practices. The biggest difference between the two is that, there is no “to stand condemned by ourselves and heaven” (tian qian lei zhu 天譴雷誅) in the ＂ Ten Great Vows ＂. Therefore, the religious meanings of the ＂ Ten Great Vows ＂ itself is what to be explored. Since “vow-making” is part of the Initiation Ritual, it is necessary to understand the context of “vow-making” from the evolution of the Initiation Ritual. As Yiguan Dao adopted traditions from Xiantian Dao (先天道), therefore I compare the disciplines and the Ten Great Vows in the Initiation Ritual between the two religions, to see the differences of philosophies and practices under distinct ages. Moreover, from Xiantian Dao to Yiguan Dao, they experienced several patriarchs, and obviously the reform could be traced back to the 15th patriarch, Wang Jueyi. From the developments of Xiantian Dao and Yiguan Dao respectively, we could also grasp Yiguan Dao's view of dedication and way of modern practices. |
