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| 題名: | 蕅益智旭之淨土念佛思想 |
| 其他題名: | A Study Ouyi's Pure Land Buddist Thought |
| 作者: | 邱美華（釋聞融）
CHIU, MEI-FUA (SHI, WEN-RONG) |
| 貢獻者: | 宗教學研究所
黃國清
HUANG, KUO-CHING |
| 關鍵詞: | 仁;蕅益智旭;信願行;持名念佛;四土;《阿彌陀經要解》
Benevolence;OuyiZhixu;Faith, Vow and Practice;Chanting Buddha's Name;Four Kinds of Pure Land;Amitabha Sutra Yao Jie |
| 日期: | 2020 |
| 上傳時間: | 2022-05-23 14:12:54 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 蕅益智旭(1599–1655)是以「佛義」釋「儒」，因「儒學」是入世以「仁」為中心，仁為人所本有，為人之真性情、真生命，其中含有內在道德性，而「佛學」是出世觀求真理且講求菩薩道至菩提，真理必在入世中顯現，因而此儒釋學修行是於義理上有共通點，所以蕅益智旭是搭起儒佛會通的橋樑者。 蕅益智旭因有了儒釋學的基礎，加上欲求修行上的「性相」真理勝解，廣閱佛學各家典籍。在佛學修習過程中深受天台宗的影響，以致後來的著作中參有天台的教理，如蕅益智旭在四十九歲時撰述《阿彌陀經要解》，他對於淨土三經中最重視《阿彌陀經》，因此《阿彌陀經要解》是他在淨土教理上的重要著作。此蕅益智旭於《阿彌陀經要解》是以天台學說來詮釋淨土教理。先使用天台宗的「五重玄義」來說明此經，透過此「有秩序、有調理」的佛法架構使學佛修行者更能了解《阿彌陀經》義理的內容。其架構以能說、所說人作為對象來釋名，以「實相」為正體，「信、願、持名」三資糧為修行的宗要，以明心的「往生不退」為力用，以無問自說及大乘菩薩藏攝為教相。 修淨土法門的行者，所注重的是如何修行往生西方淨土，就是要具備三資糧信願行。三者皆息息相關。「信」，有六種信，是指信自、信他、信因、信果、信事、信理；「願」的意涵有二：厭離娑婆，欣求極樂；發願兼具信、願二資糧；所謂「行」，即是持名念佛，或專持名號，它是簡易的捷徑；能達到「至頓至圓」，且能普被三根，利鈍全教，收機最廣，下手最易的修行法門，包括二方面：三慧、念佛三昧。三慧，即是聞慧、思慧、修慧。念佛三昧，是指廣義的念佛。廣義的念佛，有三：惟念自佛、惟念他佛、惟自他具念等三種。念佛三眜是「無上寶王」，名寶王三昧，是為普攝一切的三昧中王，蕅益智旭承襲智顗的四土說，將淨土分為四種：凡聖同居土、方便有餘土、實報無障礙土、常寂光淨土。其中極樂世界，是指凡聖同居土，橫超方便有餘土、實報無障礙土、加上常寂光土等淨土，是與諸上善人的同居淨境。
OuyiZhixu (1599－1655) uses Buddhism to interpret Confucianism because that Confucianism is the mundane world view centers around Benevolence. Human being has its own Benevolence which represents ones real temperament, real life and contains inner morality. Buddhism is the supra-mundane world view, is seeking of truth, and speaks up for the path of Bodhisattva to Buddhahood. Truth will certainly manifest itself in the mundane world view. Hence the practicing of Buddhism and Confucianism both theoretically based on common point. That is why QuyiZhixu is the bridge builder of intercommunication between Confucianism and Buddhism. OuyiZhixu has fundamental learning of Confucianism and Buddhism. In addition to that he seeks truthful explanation of Essential nature and Characteristic upon practicing and variously studies all doctrines of different sects. Later his writings were mixed with Tien Tai's theory because he was deeply influenced by Tien Tai Sect on his learning course. For instance, Amitabha Sutra Yao Jie was composed when OuyiZhixu was 49 years old. Among three Pure Land's sutras, he pays much attention to Amitabha Sutra. For this reason, the Amitabha Sutra Yao Jie is the most important writing under his Pure Land theory. In Amitabha Sutra Yao Jie, OuyiZhixu interpreted Pure Land theory by the Tien Tai's thought. Firstly, he illustrated the Amitabha Sutra with Tien Tai's Five heavy-profound- meanings. Then, based on sequential and conditional structure of Buddhism, he let the Buddhist practitioner to get better understanding the content of Amitabha Sutra's theory. These structure are the one who and whom say it will explain the sutra's name, the Reality will be the Positive Substance, three endowments of Faith, Vow and Practice will be the basic doctrine of practicing, the clear mind of No Quit to Pure Land will be the giving strength, and finally the Speech without asking and the Comprehend of Bodhisattva's nurture will be the teaching structure. The Pure Land practitioners are focused on how to practice to get there, The Western Pure Land. To answer it, the practitioner must possess three endowments of Faith, Vow and Practice. These three endowments are correlated. Faith, there are six kind of faith, self-faith, faith-other, faith-course, faith-effect, faith-matter, and faith-reality. Vow, there are two teachings of vow, disliking and detaching Saha Land then seeking after with pleasure of the Ultimate Bliss, and making a vow that contains Faith and Vow. Practice, it is chanting Buddha's name, or is chanting particular name, is a simple and easy short-cut. The most easy practicing methods have that it can be achieved immediately and completely, can be popularized through all three categorized groups of sentient beings, can be taught either sharp or dull group, and can be spread all over to whomever get it. This easy practicing method contains two fields, the Three Kind of Wisdom and Mindfulness Chanting Buddha under a high level of meditative concentration. The Three Kind of Wisdom is Hearing Wisdom, Thinking Wisdom and Practicing Wisdom. The Mindfulness Chanting Buddha under a high level of meditative concentration is more broad sense of Mindfulness Chanting Buddha which has three kinds, Mindfulness Chanting self-Buddha, Mindfulness Chanting other-Buddha, and Mindfulness Chanting both self-Buddha, other-Buddha. The Mindfulness Chanting Buddha under a high level of meditative concentration not only is Unsurpassed Treasure of King, called the Baowang Sanmei, but also is the king of all high level of meditative concentration. OuyiZhixu inherited Zhiyi's (538-597) Four Land Theory, made four kinds of pure land, the ordinary man and sage cohabitant land, the land of expedient means with remainder, the land of real retribution without hindrance, and the land of eternal extinguished light. The Pure Land we are looking for is the ordinary man and sage cohabitant land, is transcended aside the land of expedient means with remainder, is the land of real retribution without hindrance, adds the land of eternal extinguished light, and is a pure sphere where cohabits all good person. |
| 顯示於類別: | [宗教學研究所] 博碩士論文
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