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| 題名: | 1565年馬爾他包圍戰役－聖約翰騎士團戰略與戰術之研究 |
| 其他題名: | The Study on the Strategies and Tactics for The Knights of St. John in the War of The Great Siege of Malta, 1565 |
| 作者: | 王怡婷
WANG, YI-TING |
| 貢獻者: | 國際事務與企業學系歐洲研究碩士班
張心怡
CHANG, HSIN-YI |
| 關鍵詞: | 馬爾他騎士團;醫院騎士團;聖約翰騎士團;1565年馬爾他包圍戰役
The Knights of Malta;The Knights of St John;Knights Hositaller;The Great Siege of Malta 1565 |
| 日期: | 2019 |
| 上傳時間: | 2022-08-08 14:00:50 (UTC+8) |
| 摘要: | 聖約翰騎士團創立於11世紀，原先以照顧和醫療前往聖地的朝聖者為目的，到了12世紀則轉變性質為武裝修會，在歷史上與聖殿騎士團和條頓騎士團合稱為三大騎士團。聖約翰騎士團在十字東征時期有活躍的表現，直到1291年阿卡淪陷後，騎士團遷移至羅德島，1522年遭鄂圖曼帝國蘇萊曼一世驅離後，騎士團於1530年遷往馬爾他。1565年鄂圖曼帝國進攻馬爾他島上的騎士團，雙方武力資源懸殊，但騎士團在戰略上借助西班牙的外援，戰術上利用馬爾他海峽天險，最後以小博大，順利取勝，惟兩個世紀後，1798年騎士團遭到拿破崙驅離，於是騎士團前往俄羅斯，最終在1834年定居於羅馬至今。現今騎士團卸下軍事任務，以醫療和人道救援在世界各地活動著。 本文以聖約翰騎士團為研究主體，嘗試就騎士團的背景歷程，其內部運作方式，以及如何在以小博大在1565年馬爾他圍城戰中，防禦鄂圖曼的經過，作一深入分析與探論，最後就這場戰役在歷史上的地位，提出自己的觀點與想法。
The Knights of St. John was founded in the eleventh century which was dedicated to the care and welfare of Christian pilgrims to the Holy land. In the twelfth century, The Knights of St. John had military role, and fought with Muslim in Crusade. In the history, The Knights of St John also know as the ＂three Great knights＂ with The Knights of Templar and The Teutonic Knights. After the fall of Acre in 1291, Order moved to Rhodes. Until the siege in 1522 Suleiman the Magnificent had driven them from the island. The Order came to Malta in 1530 Ottoman Empire then attacked Order again in 1565. This battle is called as ＂The Great Siege of Malta 1565.＂ In this battle, The Order forces and weapons could not compete with the Ottoman Empire, but with the Order's fexible strategy and tractics, also the aid and support from Spain made the Order finally won this battle. Two centuries later, Napoleon Bonaparte had driven Order from the island in 1798. The Order then moved to Russia, and in 1834 settled their headquarter in Rome until now. Since then, the Oeder's focus was back to the original mission, hospitaller, and keep to medical care and humanitarian activities in the world. In this research, the focus will be on The Knights of St John's background, history, operation, and internal organization. It analyzes how the Order defended Ottoman in the Siege of Malta. Final, the author's point of view will be put forward in the conclusion. |
| 顯示於類別: | [國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 博碩士論文-歐洲研究碩士班
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