| 摘要: | 砷被認為對人體具有極大危害之毒性元素，由於天然及人為活動，使其廣泛分布於全球各地。稻米為全球眾多人口之主食，而稻米之來源地區會影響米粒中砷的生物有效性。地下水長期被認為是在農業生產過程中，影響稻米產物中砷汙染的主要來源，據統計全球有數以百萬計的人口自飲食中攝取過量的砷，而稻米之攝食被認為是暴露於砷的主要攝食途徑，並因此導致包括癌症在內的各式疾病。因此，本研究之目的在於計算成年人因攝食稻米而暴露於砷之癌症風險。研究中以19至40 歲之亞洲成年人為標的族群，並以其攝食不同市場販售之稻米為主要途徑，計算其每日平均食米量(ADC)，並以ADC、稻米含砷濃度(AC)及體重(BW)計算其對於無機砷之每日估計攝取量(EDI)。 其次以美國環保署公布之無機砷攝食斜率因子，透過EDI計算其終身癌症風險(LCR)。研究結果顯示，男性及女性之每日估計攝取量，以台灣而言分別為0.000857639及 0.00086207 mg/kg、中國為0.001222885及 0.001286998 mg/kg、孟加拉為0.000801263及0.000845778 mg/kg、印度為0.001158507及 0.001100409 mg/kg、日本為0.000893792及0.000982722 mg/kg、韓國為0.000470044及0.000522336 mg/kg、菲律賓為0.000920943及0.000866739 mg/kg、泰國為0.000490676及0.000448238 mg/kg。在非癌症風險部分，男性及女性之危害商數(HQ)，以台灣而言分別為2.858796296及2.873565891、中國為4.076283988及4.289994183、孟加拉為2.670877193及2.819259259、印度為3.861689021及3.668031059、日本為 2.979306667及3.275740391、韓國為1.566812652及1.741120944、菲律賓為3.069811321及2.889130435、泰國為1.635586207及1.49412766。在癌症風險部分，男性及女性之標的風險(TR)，以台灣而言分別為0.001286458及0.001293105、中國為0.001834328及0.001930497、孟加拉為0.001201895及0.001268667、印度為0.00173776及0.001650614、日本為0.001340688及0.001474083、韓國為0.000705066及0.000783504、菲律賓為0.001381415及0.001300109、泰國為0.000736014及0.000672357。由本研究可發現，雖然AC皆小於最大污染標準0.2 mg/kg， 但推估亞洲成年人之終身癌症風險(LCR)皆超過美國建議值1.0 × 10−4之五倍以上，表示其因攝食稻米造成無機砷暴露的健康風險過高。本研究之結論為，無機砷為致癌物質且易累積於食米中，因此成年人自成長期起，因長期食用稻米而暴露於無機砷之風險，必須特別關注。
Arsenic is viewed as a universal harmful component having a place with the most noteworthy wellbeing risk classification. Wide scopes of characteristic just as anthropogenic exercises are liable to make worldwide arsenic circulation in the wide sense. Rice is the significant staple food devoured by total populace on the greatest scale. Developing climate of rice ordinarily ascribed by geological birthplace may effect on arsenic bioavailability in rice grain. Over misuse of arsenic polluted, groundwater assets have perceived as significant worry in horticultural viewpoint for rice creation. A large number of individuals overall ingest unreasonable measures of arsenic (As) through drinking water and food. The dietary admission of rice is the major as introduction course in people and can cause As-related antagonistic wellbeing impacts including tumours. The point of this investigation was to evaluate potential disease dangers of as introduction for grown-ups through rice utilization. Normal day by day utilization of rice (ADC) was assessed from grown-up gathering (19-40) of Asian area, rice tests got from various market. Assessed every day admission (EDI) of iAs was determined utilizing ADC, AC (arsenic fixation in rice), and normal body weight (BW). Lifetime Cancer Risk (LCR) was determined utilizing EDI and U.S. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) for Taiwan man and lady 0.000857639 and 0.00086207 mg/kg, China 0.001222885, 0.001286998 mg/kg, Bangladesh 0.000801263, 0.000845778 mg/kg, India 0.001158507, 0.001100409 mg/kg, Japan 0.000893792, 0.000982722 mg/kg, South Korea 0.000470044, 0.000522336 mg/kg, Philippines 0.000920943, 0.000866739 mg/kg, Thailand 0.000490676, 0.000448238 mg/kg. Hazard Quotient (HQ) for Taiwan male and female 2.858796296, 2.873565891, China 4.076283988, 4.289994183, Bangladesh 2.670877193, 2.819259259, India 3.861689021, 3.668031059, Japan 2.979306667, 3.275740391, South Korea 1.566812652, 1.741120944, Philippines 3.069811321, 2.889130435, Thailand 1.635586207, 1.49412766 Target Risk (TR) for Taiwan male and female 0.001286458, 0.001293105, China 0.001834328, 0.001930497, Bangladesh 0.001201895, 0.001268667, India 0.00173776, 0.001650614, Japan 0.001340688, 0.001474083, South Korea 0.000705066, 0.000783504, Philippines 0.001381415, 0.0001300109, Thailand 0.000736014, 0.000672357. Life Time Cancer Risk (LCR) multiple times over the U.S. While the AC was underneath the greatest foreign substance level of 0.2 mg/kg. Study results demonstrated that Asian grown-ups might be at expanded danger for iAs-related malignancies. Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is cancer-causing and exceptionally packed in rice. Dietary introduction to iAs is worried among grown-up because of their formative stage and iAs' long-dormancy impacts. |
