準公共化幼兒園轉型歷程與公私協力模式探究

南華大學機構典藏系統 > 社會科學院 > 國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班) > 博碩士論文-公共政策研究碩士班 > Item 987654321/28837

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题名:	準公共化幼兒園轉型歷程與公私協力模式探究
其它题名:	A Study on the Transformational Process and Public-Private Partnership Model of Quasi-Public Preschool
作者:	彭欣雯 PENG, SHIN-WEN
貢獻者:	國際事務與企業學系公共政策研究碩士班劉華宗 LIU, HUA-TSUNG
关键词:	準公共化幼兒園;公私協力 quasi-public preschool;public-private partnership
日期:	2021
上传时间:	2022-08-17
摘要:	本研究透過與準公共化幼兒園園長、教師、家長及地方政府承辦人員進行深度訪談，針對準公共化幼兒園轉型歷程與公私協力模式進行研究，以理解私立幼兒園轉型成準公共化的背景因素及其動機，以及公私部門間彼此協力關系的磨合與解決方案。　　本研究從準公共化幼兒園轉型的背景因素及公私協力模式這二個面向去探討，透過相關的文獻分析及訪談，整理分析的結果，得到以下研究結論：一、準公共化幼兒園的轉型歷程：　　因為政策制訂過於匆促，加上要成為準公共幼兒園必須符合簽約的六項要件，這些都是讓私立幼兒園業者有所顧慮的因素，而家長方面似乎對準公共化機制政策內容不太了解，最有感的應該就是學費的大幅降低。另外，加入準公共化幼兒園後人數的增加，對業者而言當然是一種利多，但是對於老師而言就是另外一種壓力而為了吸引更多園所加入，教育部宣布從 2021 年 8 月起將再加碼補助 2000元，足見政府試圖以成本低、擴充快的準公共化幼兒園來覆蓋平價教保的數量。二、準公共化幼兒園的公私協力經驗：　　在訪談過程中，園所對於縣府每學期二次的補助款撥款效率都表示非常滿意，並不會有當初顧慮補助款被拖延影響到園務的正常運作的現象，而在與縣府承辦人和園所業者的對談中可以發現，準公共化幼兒園的審查機制在人力不足的狀況下，幾乎是以書面審核為主，其嚴謹及公正性自然備受質疑。另外，園所業者憂慮準公共化政策要點，是位屬於「行政規則」，隨時都有可能因經費或意識形態而中止，這樣反而對幼教業者及家長才是傷害。三、準公共化幼兒園的問題與挑戰：　　在人員的聘任上，規定教保人員的29000元起薪，對人事支出是有壓力的，但是園所也認同在招募人員上，比起私幼是具有優勢，而合格園長及教師人才難覓，也是幼兒園業者經營上的困境之一，面對弱勢家庭子女就學增加，對老師來說，和家長的溝通是最困擾的問題。　　最後，研究者根據研究結綸，針對準公共化幼兒園的困境與挑戰、公私協力下的權利與義務關係提出建議。而從研究發現可知目前準公共化幼兒園業者對相關政策的執行仍有疑慮，評鑑與稽查制度仍無法落實、社會公信力仍無共識，連帶影響準公共幼兒園的推展期程此外，研究者也對有興趣從事後續研究，給予不同的面向與角度，去探討相關議題，讓準公共化幼兒園發展更具其社會價值。　　This research has conducted in-depth interviews with principals, teachers, and parents of quasi-public preschool as well as local authorities, for a study of the transformation process of such kindergartens through a public-private collaboration model, in order to have an insight into the motivational context of the private kindergartens transforming into quasi-institutions as well as the adaption and solutions for the collaborative relationship between the public and private sectors.　　Based on the background factors of the transformation and the public-private collaboration model, this research going through literature reviews and interviews has summarized the following conclusions:1. The transformation process of quasi-public preschool:　　The hastily established policies and the six requirements of compliance to be qualified for the transformation have raised the concerns of private kindergartens; meanwhile, parents seem to have little knowledge of the intentions of the transformation, expect for the most impressed one which is reduced tuition. Notably, the number of preschoolers significantly increases after the transformation, which is certainly a benefit to the transformed kindergartens, but also creates another kind of pressure to the teachers from class management and the division of labor between the peers.2. Experience of public-private collaboration from quasi-public preschool:　　It is found from the interviews that the transformed kindergartens are satisfied with the efficiency of subsidy appropriation from the competent authorities, and relieved from the initial concerns about delayed subsidies which would have affected the pre-schooling operations. However, the interviews with the competent authorities and the kindergarten practitioners also reveal that the qualification review on the transformation was done by paper work due to the shortage of manpower, which raises concerns about the lack of scrutiny and fairness. Furthermore, the kindergarten practitioners also worry that the transformation policy is based on the guideline of so-called “administrative rules”, under which the policy could be suspended at any time due to funding shortage or ideology change, and that could really hurt the kindergarten operations and the parents.3. Problems and challenges of quasi-public preschool:　　On the hiring aspect, the basic salary of NT$29,000 for the staff is a pressure on the kindergartens, yet as acknowledge by the practitioners, the recruitment is easier, compared with that of private institutions; meanwhile qualified principals and teachers are difficult to recruit, which is a common dilemma faced by the kindergarten practitioners.　　According to the above findings, this research concludes that the practitioners still have concerns about how to implement the quasi-public preschool policies, in view that evaluation and audit mechanism still needs solid ground and social credibility is getting nowhere, which will definitely affect the transformation into quasi-public preschool. Therefore, concerning the difficulties and challenges facing the quasi-public kindergartens, and the rights and obligations of public-private collaboration, the following suggestions are made.1. Encouraging qualified principals and teachers to engage in the market with the quasi-public mechanism.2. Strengthening teachers' understanding of the quasi-public mechanism.3. Developing a locally featured marketing and curriculum model.4. Setting up a dedicated contact window by the public sector.5. Empowering the quasi-public mechanism by the public sector.6. Implementing the evaluation and auditing mechanism.7. Relieving the restrictions on the use of social resources by low/middle-income households.　　Finally, to facilitate further studies based on this research, the author has also suggested three aspects to extend this research, which are “research fields”, “research objects” and “research depth”. And hopefully, through comprehensive and profound discourses, the “affordable kindergarten services” can be solidly fulfilled through the quasi-public mechanism.
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