近年來，在「跨文化批判」的哲學視域下，蘊藏跨文化潛能的《莊子》成為熱門的中國文本。《莊子》一書所涉及的語言、隱喻、身體、差異、批判、美學、權力、自然等各種面向的概念已經成為許多學者關注的議題。在先秦哲學裡，《莊子》探討「死亡」的議題為最豐富、精彩、深刻，雖然研究《莊子》死亡觀的著作不勝枚舉，但是以死亡來連結倫理內涵的研究卻不為多見。本論乃是透過《莊子》古典新譯後的一種中國哲學當代實踐之嘗試，特別集中在「臨終關懷」的議題上。首先，梳理了臺灣「臨終關懷」的教育發展，承續傅偉勳「現代生死學」的觀念，認為死亡和生存是一體兩面的關係，生存意義的探問必然涉及死亡的意義，並吸收中國哲學作為超克死生問題的資源。其次，引入當代對臨終關懷的研究成果，包括布勒．羅斯的「五階段」模式說、余德慧的臨終心理研究等來深化死生相遇所牽涉的倫理問題。最後，藉由《莊子》的哲學並援引法哲勒維納斯（Emmanuel Levinas）的補充來確立《莊子》對「他人之死」的「迎向」與「轉化」之倫理意涵。傳統上把《莊子》定位為「隱逸」的哲學，主張「厭世」、「解構禮教」、「反對人文」的思想，本論並不採取這樣的解讀進路，甚至認為《莊子》對「他者」(other)有一份很深的關懷，尤其在死亡的議題上更能凸顯「自我」與「他者」的倫理意義。 In recent years, in philosophical vision of cross-cultural criticism”, Zhuangzi becomes popular Chinese text. In Pre-Chin philosophy, study of Zhuangzi on “death” is the most abundant, interesting and profound. Although there are various publications on view of death in Zhuangzi, it lacks the research which connects death with ethical implication. This study is the attempt of contemporary practice of Chinese philosophy by new interpretation of Zhuangzi and it focuses on the issue of “hospice care”. First of all, it reorganizes educational development of “hospice care” in Taiwan and based on Wei-Hsun Fu’s “Modern Thanatology”, it argues that death and survival are two sides of the same coin. Study of significance of survival is certainly associated with meaning of death. It also adopts Chinese philosophy as the resource to transcend death and existence. In addition, it introduces contemporary research findings of hospice care, including “5-phase” model of Kübler-Ross and Te-hui Yu’s hospice care research to enhance ethical issue related to death and life. Finally, by philosophy of Zhuangzi and citation of French philosopher, Emmanuel Lévinas, it affirms ethical implication of “facing” and “transformation” of “others’ death” in Zhuangzi. This study argues that Zhuangzi shows profound care for “others”. Regarding the issue of death, it strengthens ethical significance of “self” and “others”.
