| 摘要: | 本文旨在探究莊子思想詮釋修養論的實踐工夫，呈顯修養人格的理想典範，達至悠然自得的生命境界。依此，正文架構共分五節，首先探究人世間「人-物」、「人-己」間如何自然暢達，可分成三面展開（01）莊子的天道論（02）莊子的人性論（03）莊子的知識論，透過「道」、「性」、「知」關係，推及道德修養轉化為悠然精神境界的理論根源。其次，依莊子的文學思想對理想人物之闡明與解析，分為（01）以「宋人、堯與四子」的寓言故事為喻，辨析「無待」與「逍遙」之概念，及至人之逍遙義。（02）以「接輿論道」的寓言故事為喻，辨析「神凝」與「逍遙」之概念，及神人典範。（03）就真人之面貌與性格所具有的特質，以及真人對生活態度之認知與對生命的體悟，自然呈現出真人之風範。（04）以「堯讓天下於許由」的寓言故事為喻，辨析「無待」、「自然」、「逍遙」之概念，及聖人典範。最後，本文藉由莊子修養論的理論，總覽全文論點，以達至莊子修養論的生命境界與理想典範為目標。
This text aims at studying the practice of cultivation theory interpreted by Zhuangzi thought, to present the ideal model of personalistic cultivation, up to the carefree and content life realm. Hereunder, the main body framework is divided into five sections. It firstly discusses how the “human – things”, and “other humans – oneself” get along naturally and smoothly, which is divided into three aspects: (01) Natural Tao Theory of Zhuangzi, (02) Human Nature Theory of Zhuangzi, and (03) Knowledge Theory of Zhuangzi, to explore the theoretical source of moral cultivation transferring to the natural spiritual realm through the relation of “Tao”, “Human Nature”, and “Knowledge”. Secondly, according to the illustration and interpretation to ideal character in the literary thought of Zhuangzi, this section of the text is explained as below: (01) Taking the fable of “Song Merchant, Yao and Four Saints” as the metaphor, to discriminate the concept of “No Dependence” and “Free and Unfettered”, up to the meaning of rambling spirit of humans. (02) Taking the fable of “Jieyu Talking about Tao” as the metaphor, to discriminate the concept of “Mind Peace” and “Free and Unfettered”, up to the immortal model. (03) As of the feature and character of the immortal, and the life attitude cognition and inspiration of life, naturally present the demeanor of the immortal. (04) Taking the fable of “Yao abdicated and handed over his power to Xu You” as the metaphor, to discriminate the concept of “No Dependence”, “Nature”, “Free and Unfettered”, up to the saint model. Finally, it summarizes the arguments of the whole text based on the cultivation theory of Zhuangzi, to reach the goal of life realm and ideal model of cultivation theory of Zhuangzi. |
