Martin Seligman的心理傳記及其復原力理論之研究

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Title:	Martin Seligman的心理傳記及其復原力理論之研究
Other Titles:	A Study of Martin Seligman's Psychological Biography and His Theory of Resilience
Authors:	陳恭權 CHEN, GONG-QUAN
Contributors:	生死學系碩博士班廖俊裕 LIAO, CHUN-YU
Keywords:	正向心理學;習得無助;習得樂觀;復原力;創傷後成長 positive psychology;learned helplessness;learned optimism;resilience;post-traumatic growth
Date:	2023
Issue Date:	2023-11-13 13:25:26 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	正向心理學的發展，方興未艾，影響越來越大。本文的研究問題是：（一）Martin Seligman的研究發展歷程及其心理傳記為何？（二）Martin Seligman如何從「無助理論」發展到「樂觀理論」？（三）Martin Seligman的「復原力理論」為何？　　本文使用創造性詮釋學與心理傳記學研究法，針對這三個問題，結論如下：（一）Martin Seligman的人生從悲觀到樂觀，就如他的研究從習得無助到習得樂觀，這當中充滿著他的復原力，以及不斷突破自我的理念，使他成為了當代正向心理學之父，他的理念也不斷的驅使著人們迎向幸福的未來。無助理論的再發現－大腦的希望迴路，更是讓控制理論得到了科學上的驗證。（二）Martin Seligman作為研究生時，其發展的習得性無助理論，可以說是一生中重大的成就。然而在完善無助理論後，有更多的聲音在驅使著他反過來檢視自己的理論，並以此為根基寫出了習得樂觀的理論，這當中的關鍵是，他擁有良好的「復原力」，包含他的妻子女兒對他的提醒、敏捷的才智、達爾文的進化論，以及面對挑戰及失敗都不氣餒的勇猛心態。（三）Martin Seligman的正向心理學中心發展的復原力研究有(1)建構心智強度、(2)建構個人強項、(3)建構強固的人際關係。Martin Seligman將其運用在青少年的學校教育上，以及國家軍隊的心理強健訓練上，既培養無數優秀學子外，也讓國家的軍人能夠減少悲傷、失落以及憂鬱症的發生，可以說是重要的研究。　　The development of positive psychology is in full swing and its influence is growing. The research questions of this article are: (1) What is the research development process and psychological biography of Martin Seligman? (2) How did Martin Seligman develop from the “Learned Helplessness Theory” to the “Learned Optimism Theory”? (3) What is Martin Seligman's “Resilience Theory”?　　This article uses creative hermeneutics and psychological biography research methods to address these three questions, and the conclusions are as follows:(1) Martin Seligman's life has gone from pessimism to optimism, just as his research has gone from learned helplessness to learned optimism. This is full of his resilience and the idea of constantly breaking through himself, making him the father of contemporary positive psychology. His ideas also constantly drive people towards a happy future. The rediscovery of the helplessness theory - the hope circuit of the brain - has further scientifically verified the control theory.(2) As a graduate student, Martin Seligman's development of the learned helplessness theory can be said to be a major achievement in his life. However, after perfecting the helplessness theory, more voices drove him to re-examine his own theory and write the learned optimism theory based on it. The key here is that he has good “Resilience”, including reminders from his wife and daughter, agile intelligence, Darwin's theory of evolution, and a brave attitude towards challenges and failures without being discouraged.(3) Martin Seligman's central development of resilience research in positive psychology includes 1.) building mental strength, 2.) building personal strengths, and 3.) building strong interpersonal relationships. Martin Seligman applied it to the school education of teenagers and the psychological training of national armies, not only cultivating countless outstanding students, but also reducing the occurrence of sadness, loss and depression among national soldiers. It can be said to be an important research.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Life-and-Death Studies] Disserations and Theses(M. A. Program in Life-and-Death Studies)

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