雲林西螺福佬籍與二崙詔安客釋教拔度法事現況之研究

南華大學機構典藏系統 > 人文學院 > 生死學系(生死學系碩士班,哲學與生命教育碩士班) > 博碩士論文-生死學系碩士班 > Item 987654321/29727

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题名:	雲林西螺福佬籍與二崙詔安客釋教拔度法事現況之研究
其它题名:	A Study of the Contemporary Practices of the Salvation Ritual of the Shi-Religious Groups in Yunlin Xiluo Hoklo and Erlun Zhaoan Hakka
作者:	廖心慧 LIAO, HSIN-HUI
貢獻者:	生死學系碩博士班徐福全;楊士賢 XU, FU-QUAN;YANG, SHIH-HSIEN
关键词:	釋教;喪葬拔度;福佬;詔安客;司功 Shakya Clan;Salvation Ritual;Hoklo;Zhaoan Hakka;Sai-Kong
日期:	2023
上传时间:	2023-11-13 13:26:57 (UTC+8)
摘要:	本研究旨在探討雲林西螺福佬籍與二崙詔安客釋教拔度法事現況，釋教司功是從古至今人們在死亡事件發生後所接觸到的專業執事人員，他們於拔度法事時為亡者所操辦的釋教科儀，是喪葬儀式的重要文化之一。然而大部分民眾對於釋教司功都相當不瞭解，時常將其誤認為道教的道士，且現今對於喪禮的需求也轉為追求簡單、迅速，這使得釋教在喪葬禮儀的地位逐漸沒落。　　釋教在台灣的發展可追溯於明、清時期移民潮時，漢人來台將此文化帶入，當時進入雲林西螺及二崙地區開拓的居民，又分為福佬人及詔安客人，並以福佬人為大宗，為維持生計二崙詔安客開始學習福佬話，詔安客釋教司功也開始轉做福佬籍釋教拔度法事，使得兩者之喪葬科儀開始混淆。因時代變遷，其他宗教興起，社會經濟結構改變，近年來喪禮釋教的拔渡科儀已漸漸沒落，尤以二崙地區詔安客做客的司功更是所剩無幾，但釋教的存在價值並非僅落在做功德、誦經、舞弄法器，而是透過拔度法事科儀成為家屬與亡者之間的橋樑，達到傳達孝道文化與生死兩安之意義，因此將這流傳逾百年文化記錄便是本研究的重要目的之一。　　本研究採田野調查與質性研究深度訪談為主要研究法，並透過深度訪談執業經驗豐富的司功人員，以此了解西螺、二崙地區釋教之起源、傳承與現今之發展；田野觀察紀錄超過十場福佬籍與詔安客籍的釋教拔度法事之整場流程，從中發掘科儀異同、教化儀式的意義與日漸式微原因。　　經資料整理、歸納與分析後發現，西螺福佬籍與二崙詔安客籍之釋教拔度法事除了語言使用上的差異外，兩個地區科儀雖有雷同之處，但詔安客籍與福佬籍仍有各自特色儀式存在。現今雖因語言流失、社會轉型、無人傳承使得釋教拔度法事有逐漸失傳的趨勢，但本研究發覺釋教司功透過打血盆、擔經等科儀，教育為人子女應盡孝道之責，而帶領喪親者在喪禮上釋放悲傷情緒，更能達成悲傷撫慰的作用，應善加保存。　　This research aims to explore the current status of the Salvation Ritual of Sai-Kong in Yunlin's Xiluo Hoklo and Erlun Zhaoan Hakka Shakya Clan. Sai-Kong, as a professional deacon, has played a crucial role in funeral ceremonies from ancient times to the present. They conduct the Shakya Clan's rituals during the Salvation Ritual, making it an essential cultural aspect of funeral practices. However, a lack of understanding among the general public often leads to misconceptions, with many mistaking Sai-Kongs for Taoist priests. Additionally, the modern demand for funeral rites has shifted towards simplicity and speed, resulting in the gradual decline of the Shakya Clan's significance in funeral rituals.　　The development of the Shakya Clan in Taiwan can be traced back to the Ming and Qing Dynasties when Han Chinese immigrants brought this culture to the island. During the development of Yunlin's Xiluo and Erlun regions, residents were divided into Hoklo and Zhaoan Hakka, with the Hoklo being the majority. In order to sustain their livelihood, Zhaoan Hakka Sai-Kongs began learning Hoklo, leading to a blending of funeral rituals between the two groups. However, due to changes in time, the rise of other religions, and shifts in social and economic structures, the Shakya Clan's practices in funeral rites have gradually waned, particularly among the Zhaoan Hakka in Erlun, where only a few Sai-Kongs remain. Nevertheless, the cultural value of the Shakya Clan goes beyond performing good deeds, reciting scriptures, and handling religious artifacts; it serves as a bridge between families and the deceased through the Salvation Ritual, conveying the culture of filial piety and the significance of life and death. Therefore, documenting this cultural heritage that has been passed down for over a hundred years is one of the primary objectives of this research.　　This study employs field surveys and qualitative in-depth interviews as the primary research methods. Through in-depth interviews with experienced Sai-Kongs, the study aims to understand the origins, inheritance, and current development of the Shakya Clan in Xiluo and Erlun districts. Additionally, the study observes and records over ten complete Shakya Clan's Salvation Rituals performed by Hoklo and Zhaoan Hakka Sai-Kongs, identifying the similarities, differences, and the reasons behind the gradual decline of the rituals.　　After data organization, summarization, and analysis, it was found that besides language differences, the Salvation Rituals of the Hoklo and Zhaoan Hakka in Xiluo and Erlun share common elements but also possess distinctive characteristics unique to each region. Despite the trend of ritual decline due to language loss, social transformations, and a lack of successors, this research reveals that the Sai-Kongs continue to educate filial responsibilities through rituals such as “Da-xie-Pen” and “Shouldering Scriptures.” Moreover, they play a consoling role in alleviating mourners' grief during the funeral ceremonies, underscoring the importance of preserving this cultural heritage.
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