資料載入中.....
|
請使用永久網址來引用或連結此文件:
http://nhuir.nhu.edu.tw/handle/987654321/5682
|
| 題名: | A Testing Time:Homefront Britain 1939-45 |
| 作者: | Robert Mackay |
| 日期: | 2001-07-01 |
| 上傳時間: | 2010-12-20 11:32:42 (UTC+8) |
| 出版者: | 南華大學歐洲研究所 |
| 摘要: | As Britain went to war in 1939 there was throughout the nation a heavy sense of foreboding about what was to come. This feeling was in part born of experience. For those who could remember the years 1914 to 1918, war meant the disruption of normal life; if at the start they had imagined it to be largely the business of soldiers and sailors, at its end, they knew better: twentieth century war was 'total war', a new phrase for a new sort of war. Once begun, the First World War came to consume the entire resources and energies of the nations that took part; every citizen was mobilised for fighting or for making the materials needed by those who did the fighting. As the phenomenon of total war developed, it became clear that what was happening constituted a form of test and that what was tested went far beyond the prowess of the armed forces, the traditional decider of outcomes in wars. This war put to the test the capabilities of every institution and profession; none was allowed to stand aside from the war effort; everyone had a role, from the lowliest civil servant to the holders of the great offices of state, from the leaders of industry and labour to the rank and file on the factory floor. And permeating the test of the strength and endurance of institutions and individuals was, most basic of all, the test of the cohesion of the nation. For four years the war placed exceptional strains on the bonds of civil society by exposing millions to death or injury, curtailing freedom of speech, suspending the rights of capital, labour and property and imposing all manner of austere regulation on daily life. At its end, three of the participants, the great multinational empires of Europe, Hapsburg, Ottoman and Russian, were no more. The moral appeared to be that total war was fatal for states that were lacking a strong sense of common identity, where the elements of national cohesion were shallowly rooted. Britain could feel that it had come through the first test of total war with its national identity intact and vindicated. Its institutions had successfully adapted to the extraordinary roles assigned to them in the war and were able, for the most part, to resume their pre-war roles when the emergency was over. Nevertheless, when the threat of war was again renewed in the 1930s, Britain's leaders were anxiously mindful of the terrible warning, given by the earlier conflict, of the power of total war to shred the fabric of nations. How Britain responded to this renewal of the test of total war is the subject of this essay. |
| 關聯: | 國際論壇
2卷1期 |
| 顯示於類別: | [本校期刊] 國際論壇
[國際事務與企業學系(亞太研究碩士班,公共政策研究碩士班,歐洲研究碩士班)] 國際論壇
|
文件中的檔案:
| 檔案 |
描述 |
大小 | 格式 | 瀏覽次數 |
|---|
| 5022020105.pdf | | 229Kb | Adobe PDF | 1145 | 檢視/開啟 | | index.html | | 0Kb | HTML | 1048 | 檢視/開啟 |
|
在NHUIR中所有的資料項目都受到原著作權保護.
|
