| 摘要: | 能源枯竭與地球暖化是21世紀人類所關切的重要課題。自工業革命以來，石化能源的急速開發以及利用，石油能源逐漸短缺；也由於能源的大量開發與消耗，導致溫室氣體大量增加，地球暖化，氣候異常、海平面上升等等現象屢見不鮮。綠色能源是全球趨勢，不僅可以解決能源短缺問題，還可以克服溫室氣體大量增加的問題。麻瘋樹的種植以及麻瘋樹生質柴油的開發是目前國際上解決能源及環境問題的主要方法之一。麻瘋樹可以生長在貧瘠的土地、種子含油率高、麻瘋樹籽油可提煉生質柴油、種植麻瘋樹可以吸收二氧化碳，減緩溫室效應，所以目前國際上積極推展麻瘋樹種以及提煉麻瘋樹生質柴油。國外在非洲以及亞洲正大量種植，國內目前較少有規模化的麻瘋樹研究及種植。本研究自2008年4月起於苗栗縣種植麻瘋樹，觀察育苗、移植、撫育等狀況，統計發芽率、成活率、樹高、結果株比例等數據。結果顯示發芽率80.5﹪、幼苗移植成活率94﹪、當年度結果株比例21﹪、單株結蒴果數量3-19顆。這些結果和國外種植結果相當，甚至更佳。初步顯示麻瘋樹適合在台灣生長，値得在台灣推廣種植及發展麻瘋樹生質柴油，既可種樹吸收二氧化碳，減少溫室效應；並且麻瘋樹生質柴油可以替代石化柴油，解決能源問題，同時提高台灣能源自主率。
Energy depletion and global warming are the key concern for mankind in 21th century. The widely exploration and utilization of the fossil energy since the industrial revolution in 18th century renders a gradual shortage of petroleum fuel. For the same reason, many unusual phenomena such as an accumulation of enormous amount of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere, earth warming, anomalistic climate, sea level raising are the common occurrence. A gradual substitution of fossil energy by renewable energy is a global trend, which not only resolves the increasingly critical energy shortage problem, also eases the crisis of greenhouse effect. Planting jatropha curcas and developing jatropha diesel is one of major approach to resolve the nowadays energy and environmental difficulties. Jatropha curcas can grow on a lean soil and absorb carbon dioxide to ease the global warming anxiety. Its seeds are oil rich and can extract bio-diesel fuel to provide a substitute fuel. For this reason, planting jatropha curcas and extracting jatropha diesel are booming business internationally. Outside Taiwan, especially in Africa and Asia, many massive planting jatropha curcas projects are put forward. Nevertheless, it has very few meaningful projects ongoing in Taiwan. Our research of planting jatropha curcas begins in April 2008 in Miaoli County, Taiwan, which encompass of growing seedlings, transplanting, nurturing, reckoning its sprouting rate, surviving rate, tree height, fruitage percent and etc. Our results show 80.5% germination percentage, 94% sapling transplant surviving rate, and 21% fruitage tree count and 3~19 capsules per tree. These preliminary results are comparable to the foreign growing statistics or even better and indicate jatropha curcas are suitable to be grown in Taiwan, worth to be popularized and apt to develop jatropha biodiesel fuel. Its benefits include absorbing carbon dioxide gas, reducing greenhouse effect, substituting fossil fuel, easing energy shortage crisis and, in the mean time, raising Taiwan energy autonomous rate. |
