| 摘要: | 本研究的目的在探討債務人面對債務時的負債處境，其問題包括：造成債務人負債的因素、債務人負債處境的心路歷程，以及負債對債務人生命所產生的影響和意義。本研究採立意取樣為原則，以深入訪談法共訪談了四位債務人，並以此對文本進行資料內容的譯碼及分析。 研究結果發現，造成債務人負債的主要因素為「過度擴張信用」，其次是「缺乏金錢管理態度」，其他則有「經營事業」和「遭逢變故」等負債成因。從債務人負債處境的心路歷程中探究出：「債務人面臨債務時的處置過程」之「負債處境」意義；並且得到債務人「負債處境的四階段歷程」的「債務處置」結果。在負債對債務人生命所產生的影響和意義之問題，「寶貴時光」、「接受事實」、「沉澱反省」和「責任內化」等內涵，是負債對債務人生命影響的「再學習」課題，並且由此產生「生命成長」之負債意義。 本論文最主要的發現是：債務人「心理的因素」是其面對負債處境重要的主導力量。債務人透過此心理層面的作用，負債處境由「負債初期→負債中期→負債後期→近期」的四階段歷程依序行進，並可區分為兩種不同的債務處置情形，分別為「奮戰期→停滯期→處置期→開朗期」和「奮戰期→處置期→安定期→開朗期」。當債務人進入「處置期」時，則意味著債務人以正面、積極的態度面對負債事件；同時，因償債的行為已經啟動，也就逐漸接近償完負債的目標。 最後，本研究針對學校教育、社會互助網絡，以及未來研究的方向提出若干建議。
This study aims to explore the debt situation of the debtors. Their problems include the factors that bring about debts to the debtors, the innermost feelings of the debtors in debt and the influence of debt over the debtors and its significance. This study in principle uses purposive sampling, thus, the author has interviewed four debtors and by means of the technique of in-depth interview interprets the data collected and analyzes them. This study has found that the main factor that causes the debt of debtors is over-expanded credit and the next is the attitude of lack of money management. The others are business operation and meeting with mishaps. From the innermost feelings of the debtors, this author has found the significance of in-debt situation in the coping processes of the debtors when confronting debts and has obtained the results of debt coping processes in the four-stage in-debt situation. The problems of influence of debt over the debtor’s life and its significance such as precious time, accepting facts, composed and self-examining, in-built sense of responsibility are the theme of re-learning in the influence of debt over the debtor’s life and from it comes the significance of debt in the growth of life. The main finding of this thesis is that the psychological factor of the debtors is the main directing strength when confronting debt. Through the function of psychological level, the debtor’s in debt situation from the initial period of being in debt, the middle period of being in debt, the post period of being in debt and the recent period of being in debt-these four stages are all going on orderly, and they can be divided into two types of debt coping process-(1) fighting period, stalemated period, coping period and open-minded period and (2) fighting period, coping period, settling period, and open-minded period. When the debtor is in coping period, it shows that the debtor is positively and actively confronting his/her debts. Correspondingly, the behavior of paying debts has started, coming closer and closer to the goal of paying up the debts. Finally, this study offers some suggestions for school education, the helping each other network society, and the future study direction. |
