| 摘要: | 本研究探討的是緩和醫療末期病人臨終歷程的身心靈轉化。透過詮釋人類學的引導，除了海德格（Heidegger）、梅洛龐蒂（Merleau-ponty）等存在現象學家的觀點外，也納入肯恩威爾伯的超個體心理學、西藏佛教教法、榮格象徵論等的觀點為解釋觀點。文本資料以田野參與觀察的方式收集，然後進行深度的描寫與詮釋，以使末期病人生命最後階段的身心狀態、心靈轉化，以及可能的意義獲得瞭解。 本研究發現以下四個主題：1. 臨終經驗是意識由身、而心、而靈的垂直開展。2. 身心靈轉化經驗是臨終者自我認同不斷位移的挑戰。3. 身心靈轉化經驗是陪伴者朝向世界源生之地再回返的過程。4. 身心靈轉化經驗的描述與詮釋需建立在超個人意識的世界觀之上。 本研究結果顯示，當前緩和醫療研究應可納入臨終超個人意識的研究議題，拓展對更完整臨終經驗圖象的認識，亦可提供臨床照顧人員的實作參考。照顧者若瞭解病人的靈性轉化過程，便能靜心同感的與病人相伴，而使病人的靈性成長得以被促發。建議醫學研究和生死學能產生交集，由此緩和醫療的真諦便得以彰顯。
This study aimed to explore the physical, psychological and spiritual transformation of dying process of terminally ill patients under palliative care. Guided by interpretive anthropology, it included the viewpoints of Ken Wilber’s transpersonal psychology, the Tibetan Buddhist teachings, and Carl Jung’s theories on Symbolism as the interpretive standpoint, in addition to the viewpoints of Heidegger, Merleau-ponty, and other existential phenomenologists. The data collection were through field participation and observation. Thick-description and interpretation were then carried out so that the psychosomatic state, the spiritual transformation, and the probable meaning of terminally ill patients during the final stage of life could be understood. The study found the following four themes: 1. the dying experience involved the vertical development of consciousness from body, mind, to spirit; 2. the experience of physical, psychological and spiritual transformation was understood as a challenge of continuing shift of dying persons’ self-identities; 3. the experience of physical, psychological and spiritual transformation was understood as a process of going towards and coming back from the originating point of world; 4. The description and interpretation of the experience of physical, psychological and spiritual transformation needed to be built on the worldview of transpersonal consciousness. The results of this study showed that the palliative care should include the transpersonal consciousness of dying as a research domain, so as to have wider perspectives of understanding dying experience, as well as to provide clinical care staff with practical reference. If a caregiver understands the process of a patient’s spiritual transformation, s/he will be able to accompany the patient peacefully, empathetically, and the spiritual growth of patients will be facilitated. It is suggested to bring together medical researches and the life-and-death studies, by which the true spirit of palliative care is manifested. |
