| 摘要: | 泰國佛教舍利子信仰之研究，本研究以文獻分析為主，主要依照泰文文獻進行推論分析，並以巴利文、英文、中文文獻為輔，且對其思想理論作探討。同時採用質性研究取向，以深度訪談法深度蒐集六位受訪者個人的主觀經驗進行資料分析。能透過文獻分析與深度訪談來了解關於泰國佛教之舍利子信仰。本研究目的歸納有如下三項：一、探討泰國舍利子之來源; 二、探討泰國舍利子的種類形狀; 三、探討泰國佛教徒之舍利子信仰。 本研究論文的架構安排如下：第一章緒論：包含研究背景與動機、研究目的、研究範圍與限制、研究問題、相關名詞界定。第二章文獻探討：依據舍利子的歷史淵源、舍利子的種類及形狀、舍利子的重要性、造塔安葬舍利子及舍利子信仰，舍利子在泰國的歷史淵源，參考相關文獻泰文、巴利文、中文、英文等相關文獻。第三章研究設計：包含研究方法、研究步驟與程序、研究工具、資料收集方法及資料分析過程。依據研究目的與文獻探討之結果、分析資料，以了解泰國佛教舍利子信仰的態度及供奉舍利子。第四章分析與討論: 這章陳述訪談資料綜合分析與討論，主要針對佛教徒如何信仰舍利子，而所發生的種種經驗，作為本研究的理論基礎，再依據文獻探討的結果，擬定本研究的發展架構。第五章總結本文的論述，並對研究過程中的發現提出檢討與省思，以作為未來的展望。 研究文獻的結果:當初舍利子是指佛陀荼毘後所留下的遺體，後來也指阿羅漢的遺體及高僧的遺體，而且每種舍利子有其名稱，例如:佛陀的舍利子會稱佛舍利、阿羅漢的舍利子會稱阿羅漢舍利、高僧的舍利子會稱高僧舍利。泰國佛教徒對舍利子有很濃厚的信仰，在泰國社會的建築藝術及風俗文化，幾乎都是被舍利子信仰之影響所建造，如:塔為了安置舍利子而建，所看到的是有很多古老的塔及支提在泰國的古府，如:素可泰府（Sukhothai）、華富里府（Lopburi）、大城府（又稱為阿如他耶，Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya）等等。目前有迎請舍利子去安置在後代所建的塔如:清邁府的Phra-dhatu-sijomthong 塔、南邦府（Lampang）的Phradhatu-lampanghlong 塔、佛統府（NakhonPathom）的佛統塔、曼谷的金山塔等等。 深度訪談的結果:現在的泰國佛教徒的基礎之舍利子信仰，是由原舍利子信仰傳承至今的原因。佛教徒幾乎是有知識了解舍利子，而且有看過舍利子的各式各樣的形狀，也相信舍利子是神聖之物質能顯示奇蹟超越大自然力如舍利子生舍利子、舍利子會轉變顏色、舍利子會放光及舍利子會消失等等奇蹟，以及發現誰持有舍利子而有供養舍利子，會讓生命中吉祥得樂，所以大部分的泰國佛教徒會致力修行，讓自己的身、口、意純淨，是為了供養舍利子，因為相信舍利子是代表佛陀的第二真身，信仰舍利子如同信仰佛陀。
A Study on the Faith of Relic (Saririkadhatu) of Thai Buddhism. This paper is based on analysis of literature, mostely, Thai Buddhism literature, and Pali, English and Chinese Buddhism literature are supporting material for further discussion in this research. At the same time this paper also applies interview method with six persons with their subjective experiences and analysis. Through both, by analyzing literature and interview, this paper tries to understand Thai Buddhism faith in relic. The following three objective of this paper, (a) to discuss about the origin of Thai relic, (b) to discuss about the kinds and shape of Thai relic, and (c)discuss the faith of Thai Buddhism in relic. The framework of this paper is as follows:Chapter 1. Abstract: This includes Research the Background and Motive of Research, Objective,Range and Limitation, Reasons and defining the related terms.Chapter 2. Discussion of Literature: According to the origin of relic, Kind and shapes of relic,Importance of relic, the Stupa, Toms and the faith in relic, thehistorical origin of relic in Thailand,related reference from Thai, Pali, Chinese and English literature.Chapter 3. Research structure: This part includes methodology, research steps and procedure,research instrument, the process and method of collecting and analyzing research material. With the consequences of objective and discussion of literature and by analyzing, tries to understand the attitude and contribution of Thai Buddhism faith in relic.Chapter 4. Analysis and Discussion: This chapter provide the analysis of interview matter. The most important discussions are, how Buddhism faith in relic and varies experiences, are the foundation of this research. Further, according to the consequences of discussion of literatureconstitute the structures of this paper.Chapter 5. Conclusion: This chapter draws overall conclusion of the discussion and reviews for further research in this process. The consequence of research literature: Originally the relic represents the remains of the Buddha after Enlightenment, and relic also represents the remains of Arahants and Sanghanayaka.Every kind of relics have their name, for example, The Buddha’s relic is called Buddha relic, the Arahant relics are called Arahand relic and the relic of Sanghanayakas are called Sanghanayaka relic. Thai Buddhism have deep faith in relic. In Thai society, Thai culture and tradition are almost influenced by the faith of relic, for example, The Stupa is constructed to protect the relic, therefore we can see many ancient Stupas and Chaitya in old village in Thailand, like, Sukhothai, Lopburi,Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, etc. Presently there are Yin Ching Stupa to protect those Stupas like, Phradhatu-sijomthong Stupa,Phradhatu-lampanghlong Stupa in Lampang, Buddha Stupa of Nakhon Pathom and Golden Mountain Stupa of Bankok etc. The Consequences of interview: The foundation of faith of Thai Buddhism in the relic is due to the succession of traditional faith in relic. Buddhist hold wisdom to understand the relic and they have seen many kind of and shapes of relics. Also believe that the relics are miracle and sacred things which can manifests magical power which trancends the power of nature, for example, relics give birth to relics, relics can change their colors, relics also emits lights and relics can disappear. And it is observed that those who hold relics and pay offering to them, attains happiness in the life. For the purpose of offering the relics,therefore, most of Thai Buddhist practice devotedly to the relic and let their speech, body and mind pure. The relics represents the second real body of the Buddha. The faith in relic represents the faith in the Buddha. |
