探索文憑的社會性意義─從台灣企業員工甄選模式論之

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Title:	探索文憑的社會性意義─從台灣企業員工甄選模式論之
Authors:	張文黛 Chang, wen-tai
Contributors:	教育社會學研究所蘇峰山;劉正
Keywords:	文憑;人力資本論;教育甄選論 credential;hunman resource's theory;screening theory
Date:	1999
Issue Date:	2015-05-11 15:57:18 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	在今日的台灣社會，文憑幾乎已成為個人另一種身份的表徵，其牽涉的層面很廣：如婚姻、社會階層、社會流動、家庭背景、教育制度等。本研究從其中一個重要的層面-工作機會─切入，希望能從中對文憑的社會性意涵有所了解。本研究取向乃將文憑置於社會整體環境下，來討論文憑在就業市場上的影響力。研究方法兼顧定性─訪談九家企業人事主管，與定量的分析─報紙求才版面的內容分析，來檢視我們社會中勞動市場對文憑要求的程度與限制，及其背後的社會性意義。包括對不同文憑在職場上的就業機會及背後所代表的意義。理論基礎，先以Bourdieu對法國高等教育的分析與Collins對美國文憑社會的歷史社會學的分析作討論，再以人力資本論、教育甄選論及相關文憑的實證研究等作補充論述。研究結果的分析，顯示了我們社會非常重視文憑的情況。另外，社會重視文憑的程度也受教育政策、經濟景氣與我們社會的價值觀等影響。從勞動市場中甄選員工的角度來看，文憑已成為現代社會中甄選的主要標準，但依企業特性與規模的差異，文憑甄選的標準也有所不同。另外，目前社會由於個人能力及工作性質無法明確化，因此教育甄選論似乎較適用台灣企業徵才的模式。最後，本文由我們社會及勞動市場上重視文憑的事實，對教育系統及政策產生的影響作初步的反省。也從報紙求才欄的分析結果，高職、專科、大學不同文憑的比較下，這三種文憑在就業機會與工作內容的差異，顯示出文憑其特殊的象徵性。 The discussion of credentials can be multi-faceted, because in today's society a person's credential has become almost another type of personal identification, and thus encompass several areas of social meaning such as marriage, social class, family background, educational system, etc. This thesis will discuss from one important area, namely, working opportunity, and hopefully provide a fuller understanding of credential's social meaning. The structure of this thesis is to place credentials against the total social background, and discuss the amount of influence it possesses in the job market. I achieved this through two approaches. First, I interviewed with the personnel manager of nine different companies; second, I analyzed the job search section of newspapers. The results are then combined to provide a better understanding of what different types of credentials mean in different job markets. The theories applied to this thesis mainly come from Bourdieu, whose work focuses on the higher education of France, and Collins, who analyses the social-historical meaning of credentials in American society. A brief summary of the conclusion of my study is this: many factors affect how credentials will influence a person's career opportunity, but in today's society, the tendency is to place higher emphasis on the ＂type＂ of degree because it is not that easy to clearly tell one's individual capabilities without the endorsement of credentials. Also, I provided a brief reexamination of the influence of our education policy in this respect. In addition, through analyzing the job section of newspapers I was able to show the uniqueness of the three types of diplomas: vocational schools, junior colleges, and universities. The above two findings were then combined to give us a more comprehensive look into the actual meaning and influence credentials have on our society today.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Applied Sociology, The M.A. Program of Sociology] Disserations and Theses(M.A. Program in Sociology of Education)

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