社會福利國政策及人口老化的問題【至2003年2月底全國老人人口比率為9.07%;總人口數:22,533,951人;65歲以上人口數:2,042,711人】以及高齡化社會的人口結構,尤其是自1996年以來急速蔓延發展的老人長期照顧養護的需求問題,使得我國的社會福利政策開始正視到了老人福利相關的議題。 而朝向民營企業化經營的老人長期照護機構,以治理機制及代理理論模型論述,在法律規範與契約購買服務之過程,都是委託授權的經濟行為,其利益關係人的權益如何被保障。因此本研究目的是以治理機制的觀念,來探討老人長期照護機構在產業化的政策引導下,以及在業者的盈餘、受照護住民的品質權益與政府的福利措施等主要關係人利益的衝突下,機構現行治理機制的現況及其與績效之間的關連性。 本研究以法令規範、文獻分析與機構現況作為界定機構治理機制之依據,將老人養護機機構治理模型區分為:財團法人組織、小型機構(股東即經理人)及小型機構(股東非經理人)三種類別。並以「利益關係人理論」定義的績效指標:包括股東利益觀點的住民流失率、員工離職率、佔床率、利潤;和以家屬住民利益為觀點的:住民感染率、住民意外事件比例、住民轉急性住院比例;以及依主管機關利益觀點的社會福利的參與度、人員服務比率等,對全台2001年以前設立之老人養護機構以郵寄問卷方式進行機構績效資料收集。以SPSS.10.01版之統計應用工具,對老人養護機構之治理機制與組織績效之間進行差異性關係(1-Way MANOVN)的分析定。 研究結果顯示,老人養護機構在內、外部治理機制論述上,其外部治理機制包括:法律、專業標準及行政規範等,相對的已有較完整的機制運轉。在內部治理機制上:在董事會和所有權結構替代的監控機制論述下,除財團法人型機構的董監事機制外,小型機構的所有權與專業資格經營的小型機構已具備內部治理的監督機制,只是在資訊的透明度與揭露上明顯的不足。 而在老人養護機構治理機制與組織績效關連性分析結果顯示,在現行85%為小型機構的老人養護機構,在(1)機構的治理機制與績效表現(2)財團法人組織與小型機構(股東即經理人)在以股東利益觀點的績效現表上(3)財團法人組織機構在以主管單位監督觀點的績效(4)小型機構(股東非經理人)與小型機構(股東即經理人)兩者在以住民及家屬利益觀點為評量指標的績效表現上等,皆沒有顯著的差異關係存在。 Statistics on Social Welfare Policy & the Aged Population showed the aged population rate is 9.07% in the end of February, 2003. The long-term care for the aged becomes very important issue nowadays. Therefore, the objective of this study is to discuss concepts for governance mechanism in the long-term care industry and how the mechanism to affect the organizational performance. Basically, the governance mechanism of the long-term care organization can be divided into three types: juridical person’s organizations, owner-control organizations, and manager-control organizations. I use the fallowing items to measure the performance of the aged organizations: the residents’ loss rate、vocation rate、occupancy rate、profits、infection rate、accident event rate、inpatient rate、social welfare’s services rate and FTEs/occupied bed. I also use questionnaires to collect information relating to the performance of long-term care organizations which are established before 2001 A.D. in Taiwan. According to the result of analysis, external governance mechanism of long-term care organizations includes law、professional standards and administrative procedures. In addition, three types of long-term care organizations also have its internal governance mechanism, but they still lack of offering perspective information. Furthermore, 85% the long-term care for the aged organizations are small-sized organizations in Taiwan. There are indifferent performances between the owner-control organizations and manager-control organizations in the long-term care industry.