突破逆境－單親子女的危機與轉機

南華大學機構典藏系統 > 社會科學院 > 應用社會學系(社會工作與社會設計碩士班,教育社會學碩士班) > 博碩士論文-教育社會學碩士班 > Item 987654321/21657

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題名:	突破逆境－單親子女的危機與轉機
其他題名:	The crisis and chance for children of lone parent family
作者:	黃玟萃 Huang, Wen-tsui
貢獻者:	教育社會學研究所楊靜利 Ching-li Yang
關鍵詞:	單親子女;系統理論;心理社會發展危機理論;危機與轉機 Mental and social crisis theories;Crisis and chance;Lone parent family's children;System theories
日期:	2004
上傳時間:	2015-06-17 14:34:07 (UTC+8)
摘要:	2000年台閩地區單親家庭有37萬4千戶，與1990年比較，增加8萬8千戶，顯示單親家庭有越來越多的趨勢。早期單親家庭形成的原因主要為喪偶，晚近因離婚而產生的單親家庭的比例越來越高。我們常視單親家庭，尤其是離婚家庭，為問題家庭，子女容易有問題行為，然而「社會上的偏差問題少年多來自於單親家庭」、「單親家庭的子女很獨立、很早熟」等我們耳熟能詳的敘述是他們所顯示出來的行為結果，對於這些結果的形成過程我們卻甚少觸及。有鑑於過去相關的研究多強調單親家庭子女的「負面行為」（偏差行為或學業成績低落等），本研究將著重於單親家庭子女「成功經驗」之討論，並試圖探討那些具有成功經驗的單親家庭子女與其所身處的家庭系統，是如何去尋求資源因應此一危機。這些受訪者具有哪些特徵，為何能在家庭崩潰時，成功地因應生活壓力。　　　本文第二章討論單親家庭的挑戰與問題，首先以家庭系統理論說明單親家庭子女所處的家庭系統如何運作，以及單親事件發生後，家庭系統會出現什麼樣的危機與結果。系統理論的特性包括整體、開放與封閉、回饋以及交互作用，而影響單親子女解決問題和適應生活的模式，深受家庭內部系統及其他外部系統的影響，這些系統包括家庭、學校、社會網絡等。接下來則以心理社會危機理論來探討單親子女在每一個發展階段可能會出現的危機。第三章介紹研究方法與進行步驟，本文的研究架構是在家庭系統的觀點下，利用危機理論所區分的發展階段的來勾勒單親子女的成長經驗，我們依據心理發展危機理論將受訪者的成長階段分成學齡前期、學齡期（國小）、青春前期（國中）與青春後期（高中）等四個階段。我們訪談的對象是採用滾雪球方式，透過人際網絡用立意抽樣的方式找到的。比較特別的是，因為我們想探討為什麼這些單親子女可以表現的比較優異，因此受訪者除了必須成年以上外，還必須經過推薦人（即研究者的人際網絡）認為其具有積極向上的精神，足以作為好的典範者。第四章從受訪者心理、家庭系統、學校系統、社會網絡、經濟等層面討論這些因素為何能使單親子女適應較佳。從受訪者心理層面來看，他們運用否認、反向、昇華以及認同等四種心理機制，以調適因為單親所遇到的各種問題；從家庭系統來看，許多受訪者的家庭在面對危機的時候，哪個子系統失衡，其他子系統就想會辦法彌補，以再次達到平衡；從學校系統來看，受訪者在學校系統所得到的幫助，主要是來自導師，包括提供私人獎學金及心理支持；從社會網絡來看，有來自親戚、鄰居、同儕朋友、社會福利機構等提供的幫助，包括照顧生活起居、生活上的其他幫助、親情支持與課業指導；從經濟能力來看，受訪者家庭背景的收入越高，經濟能力越好，所遇到的困難相對來說會比較少，這一類家庭背景的受訪者比較不容易遇到其他單親子女可能遇到的經濟問題，因此，單親家庭需要有足夠的經濟能力才能安然度過危機，如果沒有就需要藉由其他管道來取得。第五章討論受訪者表現優異的外表下，淺藏著許多不為人知的調適歷程，包括心理以及經濟上的。　　　本文的結論是，社會及媒體在報導事物時，總是偏重子女個人的負面表現，卻沒有探討社會結構或是家庭系統對他的影響，才會有這麼多不必要的標籤出現。家庭的形式對孩子並不是絕對必要的，但是愛、心理支持和維持基本溫飽的經濟能力卻是絕對必要的。如果得到滿足溫飽等基本需求，得到適當的愛、鼓勵、被接受的感覺，單親家庭的孩子們還是能夠逐漸穩定自己的身心，讓生活恢復平衡，因此，有了這兩項要件，單親家庭的子女並不必然會導致偏差的結果。整體而言，低社經地位的單親子女因為面臨家庭以及經濟的雙重危機，復原可能格外不易，是最需要社會協助的一群。如果能夠了解低社經地位的單親子女之成功經驗，是因為需要得到適當的愛、鼓勵、被接受的感覺，對於單親子女的輔導與協助將有更大的助益。　　There are 374,000 lone parent families in 2000, comparing with 1990, increasing 88,000. It is also showing that there are more and more lone parent families. In early days, most lone parent families resulted from widowhood, while divorce is the main reason of being lone parent nowadays. We often treat lone parent family, particularly divorce family, as problem family and suppose children living with only one parent have behavior problems. For example, reports such as ＂the deviate behavior comes from lone parent family more＂, ＂lone parent family’s children are precocious＂ could be seen everywhere. Nevertheless, these “conclusions” are manifestation of behaviors, but we seldom discuss how these behaviors are developed. Due to most relative researches emphasized the manifestation of negative behavior (ex. deviate behaviors or worse academic records), and lacked the discussion of development process of children’s behaviors of lone parent family, this paper puts great emphasis on the discussion of the children’s success experience of lone parent family, and tries to inquire how these children find resources to be concordant with a new environment. An approach of qualitative interviewing was employed in this paper. 　　　Chapter two introduces the challenges and problems of lone parent families、family system theory and mental and social crisis theory. The characteristic of family system theory include whole, open and close, and feedback. Lone parent family affected by family systems, school systems, and social network systems. The research structure is under the standpoint of the family system theory, making use of the development stage that the crisis theory to delineate the growth experience of lone parent family’s children. Depend on mental and social crisis theory, we can divide interviewee into four stages: the pre-school age period, school age period (elementary school), per-youth in school age period (junior high school) and post-youth in school age period (senior high school). In each four stages, we will discuss the influence of all kinds of systems to lone parent family’s children. We interviewed 10 “successful” persons who owns a bachelor degree or above, lived in lone parent family, and has optimistic characteristics (evaluated by her/his friends). 　　　Chapter four discusses interviewee's mental state, family system, school system, social network and economy, and why these factors make lone parent family’s children orientation better. They make use of the denial, anti-to, sublimate and approve four kinds of mental mechanisms to adjust every kind of problem they met. When family facing the crisis, which sub-system is out of balance, other sub-systems will find way to reach the balance again. In school system, teachers are the main person who provided the private scholarship and mental state support. Social network offer them looking after living, natural affection supports and lessons teaching from relatives, neighbors, peers' friends, and social welfare organization. Interviewee’s family background and economic ability more high, the difficulty they met would be less. Therefore, lone parent family needs enough economic ability to over crisis.　　　Conclusion is, we always over-emphasize personal negative behavior in lone parent family’s children, but not inquire into social construction or family system’s influence for them. The forms of family are not what absolute necessary to the child, but love, mental support and maintain the basic satisfied economic is absolutely necessary. If get those basic need, children still can stabilize their mind and body and let life recover the balance. By all accounts, low economy lone parent family’s children, they facing the dual crisis of family and economy, concordant with a new life probably not easy, so they are someone who need help most. If we can understand their successful experience is because need to be got appropriate love, encouragement, the feeling for accepting, we will have larger help for them.
顯示於類別:	[應用社會學系(社會工作與社會設計碩士班,教育社會學碩士班)] 博碩士論文-教育社會學碩士班

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