| 摘要: | 本研究旨在瞭解我國殯葬禮儀人員的入行背景、養成過程、工作價值觀、工作壓力、執業角色自我定位以及工作內容重要度知覺的現況；並分析我國殯葬禮儀人員不同的背景變項對工作價值觀、工作壓力、執業角色自我定位與工作內容重要度知覺上產生的差異及探討我國殯葬禮儀人員的工作價值觀、工作壓力、執業角色自我定位與工作內容重要度知覺的關係。 本研究採用文獻分析法、問卷調查法為主，並輔以訪談分析。以台灣中部地區參加葬儀商業同業公會之會員為調查樣本。先以「台灣殯葬禮儀人員執業現況調查問卷」為研究工具進行普查，有效樣本達149位，所蒐集的資料分別以描述性統計、t考驗、變異數分析(ANOVA)、Scheffe多重比較檢定、典型相關等統計方法進行分析。再訪談6位殯葬禮儀人員以深入瞭解其執業行為及工作內容重度知覺，研究結果如下： 1.台灣殯葬禮儀人員之工作價值觀、工作壓力、執業角色自我定位、工作內容重要度知覺因其背景變項不同而有差異。 2.台灣殯葬禮儀人員之工作價值觀普遍頗佳，以「能力與環境」構面知覺為主；喪家對殯葬禮儀人員的肯定，會影響台灣殯葬禮儀人員之成就感。 3.台灣殯葬禮儀人員之工作壓力認同感低，以「工作負荷」的壓力為主；同一時間有二件以上個案需執行時，是台灣殯葬禮儀人員之工作壓力源。 4.台灣殯葬禮儀人員之執業角色自我定位普遍頗清楚，以「殯葬服務」的角色知覺為主；台灣殯葬禮儀人員是殯葬禮儀服務舞台的協調溝通者、規劃指導者。 5.台灣殯葬禮儀人員之工作內容重要度知覺普遍頗清楚，以「禮堂與喪葬儀式」及「喪禮時間點的選定」的工作內容知覺為主；喪家對於台灣殯葬禮儀人員工作內容之肯定項目是殯葬服務全部的內容。 6.台灣殯葬禮儀人員的工作價值觀各層面(能力與環境、待遇與福利、心理安全、學習與創新、休閒健康、交通條件)與工作壓力各層面(低成就感、工作負荷壓力、組織結構壓力、工作調適)有顯著典型相關，工作價值觀對工作壓力解釋力較高。 7.台灣殯葬禮儀人員的工作價值觀各層面與執業角色自我定位各層面(生命教育、殯葬服務、行銷管理、附加價值)有顯著典型相關，工作價值觀對執業角色自我定位解釋力較高。 8.台灣殯葬禮儀人員的工作壓力各層面與執業角色自我定位各層面有顯著典型相關，工作壓力對執業角色自我定位有較大影響力。 9.台灣殯葬禮儀人員的工作價值觀各層面與工作內容重要度知覺各層面(禮堂與喪葬儀式、葬後關懷、殯葬文書、商品銷售、遺體處理、喪禮時間點的選定)有顯著典型相關，工作價值觀對工作內容重要度知覺解釋力較高。 10.台灣殯葬禮儀人員的工作壓力與工作內容重要度知覺各層面進行典型相關分析發現未具顯著關係。 11.台灣殯葬禮儀人員的執業角色自我定位各層面與工作內容重要度知覺各層面有顯著典型相關，執業角色自我定位對工作內容重要度知覺解釋力較高。 最後，本研究根據上述發現提出建議，以供主管殯葬行政機關、殯葬業者、殯葬禮儀人員、有意從事殯葬禮儀服務業的人員及社會大眾認識殯葬禮儀人員與殯葬禮儀服務業的生態及殯葬禮儀人員應有的服務準則與規範。
This study intend to understand the current condition of professional background, cultivating process, job pressure, professional self-positioned role, and importance perception of job content of mortician employees; and to explore the effect of different variables of professional backgrounds on cultivating process, job pressure, professional self-positioned role, and importance perception of job content and analyze the relationship between cultivating process, job pressure, professional self-positioned role, and importance perception of job content of mortician employees in Taiwan area. A literature analysis method and questionnaire were adopted and assisted with an interview analysis. The research samples were taken mainly from members of Mortician Industrial Association in central Taiwan. We have gained 149 effective samples from census by using “The current situation of mortician employees in Taiwan area” questionnaire as a tool. The effective samples were then analyzed by various methods, such as descriptive statistic, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe multiple comparison examination, and typical relation. Finally, we performed interviews with 6 mortician employees to further understand their practicing behavior and the importance perception of job content. We have gained the following results: 1. The job value, job pressure, professional self-positioned role, and importance perception of job content in Taiwan area differ with different variables of backgrounds. 2. The job value of mortician employees in Taiwan area is relatively high, primarily with the item of “competence and environment”. The achievement of the mortician employees are affected by the affirmation of families of the dead. 3. The identification level of job pressure is low, mainly on the item of “work load”. The source of pressure comes from having to perform over 2 cases simultaneously. 4. The professional self-positioned role of mortician employees in Taiwan area areuniversally clear, especially on the role perception item of “funeral service industry”. They perform as the coordinators, planners and the directors on the stage of mortician service industry. 5. The importance perception of job content of mortician employees in Taiwan area are universally clear too especially on the items of “funeral hall and funeral rite” and “choice of holding time of funeral rite”. The affirmation items of job content from the families are the complete service content of mortician employees. 6. An apparent typical relation is shown between various levels of job value (competence and environment, payment and benefits, psychological security, learning and innovation, leisure and health, transportation conditions) and various levels of job pressure (low achievement, heavy work load, organization structural pressure, job adaptation). There is a high explanation level of job value to job pressure. 7. An apparent typical relation is shown between various levels of job value and various levels of professional self-positioned role (life education, funeral service, marketing management, additional value). There is a high explanation level of professional self-positioned role to job value. 8. An apparent typical relation is shown between various levels of job pressure and various levels of professional self-positioned role. Job pressure has more influence on profession self-positioned role of mortician employees. 9. An apparent typical relation is shown between various levels of job value and various levels of importance perception of job content (funeral hall and funeral rite, after-funeral care, funeral paper work, merchandise sales, handling of remains, choice of funeral holding time). There is a high explanation level of job value to importance perception of job content. 10. The analysis shows no apparent difference between various levels of job pressure and various levels of importance perception of job content. 11. An apparent typical relation is shown between various levels of professional self-positioned role and various levels of importance perception of job content. There is a high explanation level of importance perception of job content to importance perception of job content. Finally, based on the findings of this study, we will provide suggestions and a better understanding regarding the trade ecology, service guidelines and regulations to the administrative authorities, mortician industry, mortician employees, those who intend to enter the trade, and the public. |
