台灣鄉鎮市區別自殺死亡率之分析

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Title:	台灣鄉鎮市區別自殺死亡率之分析
Other Titles:	The City and County's Death Rates for Suicide in Taiwan
Authors:	楊嘉芬 Yang, Chia-fen
Contributors:	社會學研究所楊靜利 Ching-li Yang
Keywords:	複迴歸;社區性指標;個人指標;鄉鎮市區別自殺死亡率 City and county's death rates for suicide;Community indicators;Multiple-regression;Individual indicators
Date:	2007
Issue Date:	2015-08-06 11:42:17 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	行政院衛生署統計，近十年來台灣地區的自殺死亡率逐漸攀升，自1993年的每十萬人約有6.2人左右，到2005年的每十萬人約有18.8人，已連續九年（1997~2005）列入國人十大死因當中，並逐步趨向美、英等國的水準，這些數據在在顯示出自殺問題的重要性，不僅在台灣甚至是全球都有逐漸嚴重的趨勢。本研究主要探討台灣鄉鎮市區別自殺死亡率的社區特性，並分析哪些結構因素造成鄉鎮市區別自殺死亡率之差異。　　　　自殺原因之探討一般有微視與鉅視兩種觀點，對應著個人與社區指標的使用。文獻指出個人的生活壓力與應付能力，以及社區整體環境與支持，對自殺行為都有顯著的影響，其中應付能力除了本身的個人條件之外，與家庭或社會支持也有關係。本研究主要探討1996~2005年台灣358個鄉鎮市區的自殺死亡率之差異，討論的原因包括個人特徵與社區特性，因此建構鄉鎮市區別、性別、年齡別「失業率(%)」、「就業成長率(%)」、「離婚率(%)」、以及鄉鎮市區別「初級行業人口比(%)」、「15~17歲不在學率(%)」、「獨居人口比(%)」、「嬰幼兒死亡率(‰)」與「依賴比(%)」等總體指標，使用複迴歸方法分析這些結構性因素如何影響各鄉鎮市區別、性別、年齡別的「自殺率(%)」。　　　　迴歸分析結果顯示，「社區性指標」是影響台灣鄉鎮市區別自殺死亡率之差異的主要因素，其中「15~17歲不在學率」是「社區性指標」中一個解釋力強的變項，可提供未來預測自殺現象的指標。而自殺率最高的鄉鎮為屏東縣滿州鄉，其次為高雄縣茂林鄉、桃園縣復興鄉，進一步探討這三個鄉的社區環境特性，供自殺防治的參考。　　　　最後建議自殺防治相關單位可針對每個鄉鎮市區的「社區性指標」，擬定不同的自殺防治方式，期能更有效地降低自殺的發生。而「自殺氛圍」與「族群」是自殺現象研究中很重要的變項，供後續自殺研究的參考。　　According to the department of Health, Executive Yuan R.O.C (Taiwan), the death rates for suicide in Taiwan increased from 62 per million in 1993 to 188 per million in 2005. And it had been one of the top 10 death causes from 1997 to 2005. It also appears that the death rate for suicide is approaching to the level of western countries. These figures impose the importance of suicide problem to Taiwan’s society. This thesis attempts to discuss the city and county specific death rates for suicide in Taiwan and analyze the structure factors that affecting the death rates for suicide. 　　　　The reasons of suicide are normally split to individual factors and community factors, paralleling to the micro and macro perspectives. The individual factors include different kinds of pressure, the ability of coping with stress, etc. The community factors include the economic opportunities, community support and so on. Of course the ability of coping with stress is highly related to the supports of family and community. Therefore it is difficult to clearly distinguish these two kinds of factor.　　　　This research analyzes the differentials of 358 cities and county’s death rates for suicide in Taiwan for the period of 1996 to 2005. We firstly constructed sex-age-specific unemployment rate, sex-age-specific employment growth rate, sex-age-specific divorce rate, by city and county, to be the indicators of individual factors, and proportion of primary occupation, proportion of non-schooling persons among 15-17 years people, proportion of living alone, infant and child mortality rate, and dependent rate, by city and county as well, to be the indicators of community factors. A multiple-regression model is employed to analysis how these factors affect the city and county’s sex-age-specific death rates for suicide in Taiwan.　　　　The results of regression analysis show that community indicators capture more variance of the city and county’s death rate for suicide than individual indicators do. Among the community indicator, the proportion of non-schooling persons among 15-17 years people is the most important one because it is always significant in any models. Results also show that Manjhou township in Pingtung county（屏東縣滿州鄉） has the highest death rate for suicide in Taiwan. The second rank is for Maolin township, Kaohsiung county（高雄縣茂林鄉）, and the third for Fusing township, Taoyuan county（桃園縣復興鄉）. We examined the individual and community indicators for these three townships for substantial realization, in order to provide more detail information for suicide preventing and controlling. 　　　　Finally, this paper suggests that administration charging for suicide prevention should set up different strategies for different city and county and the strategies are based on the city and county’s community conditions.
Appears in Collections:	[Department of Applied Sociology, The M.A. Program of Sociology] Disserations and Theses(M.A. Program in Sociology)

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