| 摘要: | 近年來，歐盟提出危害物質限用指令（RoHS）與廢電機電子設備指令（WEEE）等相關指令，對產業的衝擊甚大，也促使企業開始重視綠色供應鏈管理，審慎考量產品從原料開採、產品製造、運送、以及產品生命週期結束後回收棄置等過程，是否符合環保法令，對於品牌商、代工商及其他零件供應商帶來無比的壓力。深怕一個細節出問題，將帶來無比的損失。現在許多世界領導廠商，如新力(Sony)、惠普(HP)、諾基亞(Nokia)、全錄(Xerox)等多家廠商，均分別對所屬供應商建置嚴謹的規範，要求原料及產品必須符合環保各項規定，否則將無法繼續彼此的合作關係，可見對各家廠商衝擊相當大。 由於綠色供應鏈管理的作法為時尚短，也因此尚未有系統化的評估其績效之作法。現今環境績效指標，幾乎是以ISO14031環境績效評估指標為其架構；因此本研究將嘗試透過ISO 14031、電子行業行爲規範、G3報告書架構、生態效益，以及WEEE等其中之條文架構及文獻，並結合國際標竿電子企業綠色供應鏈管理實務作法，初步整理出電子業綠色供應鏈管理之環境績效指標，並透過產業及學研的11位專家問卷的方式，利用層級分析法(AHP)以確認綠色供應鏈管理之環境績效指標。 本研究將綠色供應鏈管理分個四個階段，分別為綠色採購/原物料（0.4457）、綠色製造（0.3258）、綠色運輸與配送（0.0612）、逆向物流（0.1673），其中研究結果顯示以「綠色採購/原物料」是較為重要，因為源頭管制遠優於後續的管末處理，因此對整個綠色供應鏈中相對較其他三階段重要；並針對不同類別專家所填答之結果來進行相關分析比較，以了解專家們對綠色供應鏈管理之環境績效指標其認知程度的差異性。 由於本問卷C.I.及C.R.值≦0.1該誤差值均在合理可接受的範圍內，因此，本研究綠色供應鏈管理之環境績效指標架構，應可以作為電子業制定綠色供應鏈管理之供應商環境績效指標要求之參考依據，以利企業能優先掌握到先機。
In recent years, the EU puts forward restriction of hazardous substance (RoHS) and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) to wait for related instruction, also urging the enterprise beginning to value a green supply chain management very big to the impact of the industry, considering a product with circumspection to recover to dump on after mining, the product the manufacturing, the carrying, and the product life cycle the be over from the raw material etc. process, whether match the environmental protection ordinance, bring incomparable pressure to brand business, generation's industry and business and other spare parts suppliers. Fear a detail to go wrong deeply, will bring incomparable loss. Many worlds lead a manufacturer now, Sony, HP, Nokia, Xerox several manufacturers of etc., divide equally don't to the supplier establishment belonged to careful standard, requesting the raw material and product has to be matched an environmental protection various provision, otherwise will can't continue each other of cooperative relation, it is thus clear that pound at to each manufacturer rather and greatly. Because the green supply chain manages of the method is short for vogue, also therefore didn't systematic yet be to turn of the method of the valuation its results. At present the environment results index sign, almost take the ISO 14031 environmental performance indicators as it to configure; So this research will try through the ISO 14031, electronic industry code of conduct, G3, eco-efficiency, and WEEE etc. among them its ruling structure and cultural heritage, and combine a green supply chain of the international standard electronics enterprise a management the actual situation method, the first step tidies up the electronic industry environmental performance indicators of green supply chain management, and through industry and learn the way of eleven expert's questionnaires for grinding, make use of the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to confirm the environmental performance indicators of green supply chain management. This research is four stages the green supply chain management, distinguishing for the green purchasing/original material(0.4457), green manufacturing(0.3258), green conveyance with distribution(0.0612), reverse logistics(0.1673), study among them result manifestation with “green purchase/ original material” is more for important, because the source head control far better than follow-up tube end processing, therefore to the whole green supply chain opposite other three stage importanceses; Also aim at the result of the answer that different category expert fill to carry on a related analysis comparison to cognize the difference of degree to the environmental performance indicators of green supply chain management by understanding the experts it. Because this questionnaire C.I. and C.R. are worth ≦ 0.1 that error margins to be worth all in the reasonable and acceptable scope, therefore, this research green supply chain management of the environmental performance indicators structure, should be able to be an electronic industry to draw up a reference of the supplier environmental performance indicators sign request of green supply chain management basis, can have the initiative to control to the first timing for the convenience of the enterprise. |
