| 摘要: | 「人與非人動物之間的關係」以及「此一關係的基礎」為何？向來是環境倫理學研究的重要議題，而Peter Singer所提倡的「動物解放」理論正是此議題最具有代表性的說法之一。他認為，人類承襲了西方物種歧視的傳統，視非人動物低人一等，其結果是人可以任意、粗暴地對待牠們，尤其是動物實驗和工廠化農場中的動物，導致非人動物的痛苦不堪與死亡。為了要終結此一由人類所造成的非人動物的處境，Singer以非人動物和人一樣都具有感知能力，能夠感受痛苦或快樂為基礎，認為一切動物都是平等的，故而對於非人動物的利益，至少是不受痛苦的利益，應該給予平等考量。解放動物的痛苦。第一，停止動物實驗。第二，停止工廠化農場，不再吃動物的肉，做一個素食的人。此一理論雖然引發了廣大的共鳴，更掀起一股「動物解放運動」或「動物福利運動」的世界性潮流，但也存在若干不足。例如苦樂利益要如何計算？以感知能力做為道德王國的界限是否也是失之武斸？若要取消動物實驗和工廠化農場，又要如何才能滿足人類的需求？本文將逐一探討。
What is the relationship between humans and non-human animals and the basis of this relationship? It has always been an important issue in the study of environmental ethics. The "Animal Liberation" theory promoted by Peter Singer is one of the most presentative theory of this topic. He believes that humans have inherited the tradition of speciesism in Western and regard the non-human animals as inferior. As a result, people can treat them arbitrarily and harshly, especially animals in animal experiments and industrial farms, causing the suffering and death of non-human animals. In order to end the situation of non-human animal caused by humans, Singer advocates that non-human animals, like humans, have the ability of sentience, can feel pain and pleasure, and believes that all animals are equal, and therefore for non-human animals. The interests, at least, are not subject to painful benefits and should be given equal consideration. Liberate the pain of animals. First, stop animal experiments. Second, stop the factory farms, stop eating animal meats, and make a vegetarian person. Although this theory has triggered a great deal of resonance, it has also set off a worldwide trend of "animal liberation movement" or "animal welfare movement", but there are also several deficiencies. For example, how to calculate the benefits of pain and pleasure? Is the boundary of the moral kingdom based on sentience ability also a lost monk? How can we satisfy human needs if we want to eliminate animal experiments and factory farms? This article will explore one by one. |
