少子化這波海嘯正衝擊著各國，世界觀的意識型態，經濟財富的累積，教育程度的提高，家庭問題，不婚、晚婚的因素以及社會的不安影響了整個大環境，進而使得全球生育率一直無法普遍的提升。對於托育政策，在社會福利的框架制度下，都為國家政策的一環。不同國家在採取不同的因應對策，都取決於其國家的特殊條件及其所面臨的問題，因此也產生了不同型態的社會福利體制。社會福利政策的理論運用，有助於我們了解托育政策在整體國家社會福利型態上位置及與其國家結構因素的關係。讓我們可以更完整的了解不同國家托育政策。 本文以瑞典、日本為介紹對象，探析北歐與東亞托育政策之代表其福利體制之核心特性，進一步以跨國比較的資料來呈現瑞典、日本於幼兒托育政策與福利提供之特性，突顯不同地域國家間主要福利國家的差異及獨特性，經由Esping-Andersen理論實際案例的運用及反思，期能豐富對社會福利理論的討論，以及藉由本論文之研究，期能對台灣托育政策上提供政策制定之參考。 The wave of declining birthrates is impacting countries. The ideology of world outlook, the accumulation of economic wealth, the improvement of education, family problems, factors of unmarriage and late marriage, and social unrest have affected the entire environment, which has led to a global fertility rate. For childcare policies, under the framework of social welfare, they are all part of the national policy and different countries are adopting different countermeasures. Therefore, the theoretical application of social welfare policies helps us understand the position of childcare policies in the overall national social welfare pattern and its relationship with national structural factors. This research takes Sweden, Taiwan, and Japan as the cases for the analyses of the characteristics of the welfare system on childcare policies. With cross-country comparison data and by the application of the Esping-Andersen's three models of welfare state, I will highlight the differences and uniqueness of the major welfare states among these three countries. By doing so, I hope this research will provide a reference for the social welfare theories and reflection on Taiwan's childcare policy.
