| 摘要: | 在宋明清儒學發展中，「字義」所承載的思想蘊義歷經幾次變化。就字義的字面意思而言，似屬於訓詁解釋字詞的範圍。但在理學家手中，字義已然跳脫訓詁，而轉化為闡發義理，用以引領學者入門與澄清理學概念的利器。字義在陳淳與戴震的眼中，已然跳脫蒙學的格局，而成為闡發孔孟思想與實踐聖人之道的輔具。本文將研究焦點集中於二者對「性」概念之界定與歧異。在研究方法上，採用比較分析法。首先，對比二者在方法論上的同異。其次，以「『性即理也』及其反駁」，探討二者在性概念內容上之交鋒。再者，針對性字所旁涉的其他概念，嘗試辨析二者如何闡述性、命、才、心與情等概念的關係。最後，則是從尊孟視域中的兩種性善論總結全文。
In the development of Confucianism in the Song, Ming, and Qing Dynasties, the ideological meaning carried by “meaning of a word” experienced several changes. As far as the literal meaning of a word is concerned, it seems to belong to the scope of a word’s exegetical explanation. However, in the Neo-Confucianists’ view, the meaning of the word has already been separated from the exegesis and transformed into an explanatory theory, which is used to guide scholars and clarify the concept of Neo-Confucianism. Meanwhile, from the perspective of Chun Chen and Chen Tai, the meaning of the word has already been separated from the pattern of enlightenment studies and has become an aid for elucidating the thoughts of Confucius and Mencius and practicing the way of saints. This study focuses on the definitions and similarities or differences of the concept of “human nature” between the two. In terms of the research method, this study adopts comparative analysis. First, this study compares the methodological similarities and differences between the two. Secondly, this study uses “human nature is rationality” and its rebuttals to explore the conflict between the two in the conceptual content of human nature. Thirdly, for the other concepts involved in the term “human nature”, this study attempts to analyze how the two explained the relationship between the concepts of human nature, fate, talent, heart, and emotion. Lastly, this study summarizes the full text from the two theories of the original goodness of human nature from the perspective of respecting Mencius. |
