後冷戰時代大美霸權下的美歐俄關係發展：從北溪二號各國角力過程觀察

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Title:	後冷戰時代大美霸權下的美歐俄關係發展：從北溪二號各國角力過程觀察
Other Titles:	U.S.-Europe-Russia Relations in the Post-Cold War Era: Nord Stream 2
Authors:	宋磊 Song, Ray
Contributors:	淡江大學國際事務與戰略研究所 International Affairs and Strategic Studies, Tamkang University
Keywords:	冷戰;北約東擴;能源運輸;北溪二號;烏東情勢 Cold War;NATO eastward expansion;energy transportation;Nord Stream II;East Ukraine
Date:	2022-09-01
Issue Date:	2023-03-06 15:07:50 (UTC+8)
Publisher:	國際事務與企業學系;亞太研究碩士班;歐洲研究碩士班;公共政策研究碩士班
Abstract:	冷戰結束至今，美蘇正式結束對抗，歐洲情勢不如以往緊張，照理說美國對於歐洲的掌握能有所鬆動；然而隨著俄羅斯在此區域的地緣優勢，尤其俄國盛產天然氣、石油，該天然資源恰好為歐洲國家所需，傳統上，美國與歐洲國家的關係建立在軍事同盟，並且按照此基礎衍生出許多共同的地緣利益，歐洲國家，尤其西歐與北歐普遍親美，不但具體出現在軍事合作外，對於俄羅斯的態度，北約成員的立場更時常與美國一致。然而，俄羅斯因盛產天然氣與石油，伴隨著全球暖化日益加溫，歐洲地區更為重視乾淨能源的使用與進口，俄國恰好為鄰國之一，更是掌握天然氣的生產大國，於是向俄羅斯採購天然氣已是歐洲國家行之多年的政策。天然氣的運輸必須透過管線的方式進行，過往俄羅斯均以陸上的管線進行運輸，然而新建成的北溪二號管線不但是水陸運輸，因已完成施工，原計畫於2021年下半年正式核發許可證，但因烏東情勢急遽惡化，加上目前美國與俄國的關係仍處在大國競爭階段，美國政府不希望德國、其他歐洲國家過於仰賴俄羅斯的能源，於是乎原是一個較為單純的能源運輸線，目前正夾雜複雜的區域情勢、大國競爭的材料，更增添北溪二號未來的不確定性因素。 Since the end of the Cold War, the confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union has officially ended. The situation in Europe is not as tense as before. It is reasonable to say that the United States can lose its grip on Europe. However, with Russia's geographical advantage in this region, especially Russia is rich in natural gas and oil. Natural resources are just right It is needed by European countries. Traditionally, the relationship between the United States and European countries is based on military alliances, and many common geographical interests are derived from this basis. European countries, especially Western Europe and Northern Europe are generally pro-American, not only in military cooperation, NATO members are more often aligned with the United States on Russia's attitude. However, because Russia is rich in natural gas and oil, and with the increasing global warming, the European region pays more attention to the use and import of clean energy. Russia happens to be one of the neighboring countries, and it is also a major producer of natural gas, so it purchases from Russia. Natural gas has been a policy of European countries for many years. The transportation of natural gas must be carried out through pipelines. In the past, Russia was transported by land pipelines. However, the newly built North stream II pipeline is not only for water and land transportation. Due to the completion of construction, the original plan was to officially issue the license in the second half of 2021. However, due to the rapid deterioration of the situation in Eastern Ukraine and the fact that the relationship between the United States and Russia is still in the stage of great power competition, the U.S. government does not want Germany and other European countries to rely too much on Russian energy, so it was originally a relatively simple energy transportation. At present, it is mixed with complex regional situations and materials of major power competition, which adds to the uncertainty of the future of North stream 2.
Relation:	國際與公共事務 15期
Appears in Collections:	[The Journals of Nanhua University ] International and Public Affairs [Department of International and China Studies, The M.A. Program of Asia-Pacific Studies and Public Policy Studies] International and Public Affairs

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